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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 45; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2008;45(1):2-5
Epilepsisi Olan Hastalarda Serebellum Malformasyonları
Y Kaplan, E Öksüz
Gaziosmanpaşa Ü. Tıp Fak. Nöroloji ABD, Tokat
Amaç: Bu çalışma, epilepsili hastalarda serebellumun yapısal anormalliklerinin sıklığını saptamak ve bu hastalarda epilepsinin klinik özelliklerini analiz etmek amacıyla yapıldı.

Yöntem: Eylül 2006 ile Eylül 2007 yılları arasında nöroloji ve nöroşirürji polikliniklerine başvuran ve epilepsisi olan, ardışık 73 hasta incelendi. Bu hastalar içinde serebellumda patolojik bulgusu olanlar çalışma kapsamında değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Bu 73 hastanın 6’sında (8,2%) epilepsiyle birlikte serebelluma ait patolojik bulgu mevcuttu. Hastaların tümü erkekti ve yaşları 18 ile 41 arasındaydı. Üç hastada parsiyel başlangıclı sekonder jeneralize, 1 hastada kompleks parsiyel tipte nöbetler, 1 hastada jeneralize tonik-klonik ve absans tipi nöbetler ve 1 hastada parsiyel başlangıclı sekonder jeneralize nöbetlerle birlikte absans tipi nöbetler vardı. Bir hastada febril konvülzüyon öyküsü alınıyordu. İki hastanın mental retardasyonu vardı. Bu hastaların kranyal magnetik rezonans görüntülemelerinde serebellumda farklı lokalizasyon ve tiplerde malformasyonlar olduğu saptandı. Ek olarak, iki olguda serebral kortikal malformasyonlar da eşlik etmekteydi.

Sonuç: Başlıca hayvan modellerinde yapılan çalışmalar, serebellumun epileptik nöbet aktivitesi üzerinde inhibitör etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca hem hayvan hem insanda yapılan çalışmalar, serebellumun stimülasyonunun nöbet aktivitesini düzelttiğini veya nöbet süresini kısalttığını göstermektedir. Epilepsilerin patogeneziyle serebellum ve serebellum patolojileri arasındaki ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılması için daha fazla sayıda hastayı içeren kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Cerebellar Malformations in Patients with Epilepsy
Objective: This study was performed to determine the frequency of structural cerebellar abnormalities in patients with epilepsy. We also aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of epilepsy in these patients.

Method: Seventy three consecutive patients with epilepsy admitted to the outpatient clinics in our Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery between September 2006 and September 2007 were evaluated. The patients who had structural cerebellar abnormalities were identified.

Results: Out of 73 patients, 6 (8.2 %) had epilepsy and cerebellar abnormalities. All patients were male. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 41 [year]s.

Partial seizures with secondary generalisation in 3 patients, , complex partial seizure in 1 patient, generalized tonic-clonic and absence seizures in 1 patient and partial seizures with secondary generalisation and absence seizures in 1 patient were present. There was a febrile convulsion in the past medical history of one patient. Two patients had mental retardation. In these patients, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed cerebellar malformations in different types and locations. In addition, accompanying cerebral cortical malformations were also present in two patients.

Discussion: An inhibitory effect of the cerebellum over seizure activity was demonstrated predominantly in animal models. Moreover, both animal and human studies demonstrated that cerebellar stimulation improves or shortens seizure activity. Larger, more comprehensive studies are needed to clarify the relationship between the pathogenesis of epilepsy and cerebellum or structural abnormalities of the cerebellum.

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