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Yıl:2000; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2000;7(2):81-91
İntihar Girişiminde Bulunan Ergenlerde Sosyodemografik, Psikiyatrik ve Ailesel Özelliklerin Araştırılması
ES Ercan, A Varan, C Aydın
Ege Üniversitesi, Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Anabilim Dalı, İzmir\r\n\r\n
Amaç: Bu çalışmada intihar girişiminde bulunmuş olan ergenlerin sosyodemografik, psikiyatrik ve ailesel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tüm olgulara Sosyodemografik bilgi formu uygulanmış, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Sürekli Anksiyete Ölçeği ve Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği verilerek yanıtlamaları istenmiştir. Olgularla DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre psikiyatrik görüşme yapılmıştır. İntihar girişiminde bulunan 14-18 yaş arasındaki ergenlerin yaş ortalamasının 15.72 olduğu (sd:2.5), 40 kız ve 6 erkekten oluşmakta olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgular: Olguların çoğunlukla alt-orta sosyoekonomik düzeyde olan ailelerden geldikleri, parçalanmış ailelerden gelme ve ebeveynlerden uzun süreli ayrılık yaşama oranlarının yüksek olduğu aile ve yakın çevrelerinde intihar girişiminde bulunanların sık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Olgularla DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre yapılan tanı görüşmelerinin sonucunda, en sık rastlanan psikiyatrik tanıların majör depresyon, uyum bozukluğu, konversiyon bozukluğu ve davranım bozukluğu olduğu belirlenmiştir. İntihar girişiminde bulunan ergenlerin %30.2’si girişimi daha önceden planlayarak gerçekleştirmiş, olguların %30.3 ‘ü girişim biçimi, zamanı ve yerini model aldığını belirtmiş ve %47.6’sı intihar girişiminde bulunmadan önce çevresindekilere bu konudan bahsetmiştir. Olguların %22.7’si girişimin farkedilmemesi ve önlenmemesi için çaba göstermiştir. Girişim yöntemi olarak olguların %86.7’si aşırı doz ilaç alımını seçmiştir. Olguları n %46.7’sinin daha önce en az bir kez intihar girişiminde bulundukları saptanmıştır. İntihar girişiminde bulunan ergenlerin %37.2’si tedavi edilmezlerse ölümle sonuçlanabilecek biçimde ağır şiddette intihar girişiminde bulunmuş, girişimin şiddetiyle olguların aldıkları psikiyatrik tanılar arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Tartışma: Çalışmanın sonucunda ergenlerde intihar girişimlerinin tek bir model veya kuramla açıklanmasının olanaklı olmadığı düşünülmüş, ergenlerde intihar davranışıyla çok çeşitli etkenlerin ilintili olduğu görülmüştür.
The Sociodemographic, Psychiatric, and Familial Aspects of Adolescents Who Attempted Suicide
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the socio-demographic, psychiatric and familial characteristics of adolescents who attempted suicide. Method: The sample of the study consisted of 40 female and 6 male adolescents between 14-18 [year]s with a mean age of 15.72 (sd: 2.5). Most of teh subjects came from broken famalies with low-to-middle socio-economic-status. The subjects were given Beck Depression Inventory, Trait-State Anxiety Scale, Family Assessment Scale and a short questionnaire enquiring demographic information. The subjects were also interviewed for diagnosis of possible psychopathology. Results: According to the demographic data, most of the subjects had experienced long term separation from parents and had relatives who had attempted suicide. At the end of the diagnostic interviews major depression, adjustment disorder, conversion disorder and conduct disorder emerged as the most frequent diagnoses. In the case of 30.2% of the sample suicide attempts were planned beforehand; 30.3% reported that the time, place and the form of their attempt were modeled after other people’s suicide attempts and 47.6 % of the subjects talked about their intent to people around before attempting suicide whereas 22.7% tried to conceal their intent. Overdose of drugs, observed in 86.7 of cases, was the most preferred way of attempting suicide. About half (46.7%) of the subjects had attempted suicide at least once before. In 37.2% of the cases the attempts were serious and would lead to the death of the subject unless treated. The seriousness of the attempts were not related to the psychiatric diagnosis of the subject. Conclusion: It was concluded that adolescents’ suicide attempts can not be explained with any one model or theory and that suicidal behavior of adolescents seems to be related to many factors.

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