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Yıl:2007; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2007;18(4):293-301
Çocukluk Dönemi Başlangıçlı Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluğun Nöropsikolojik Profili
M Irak, MF Flament
University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa
Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasında, çocukluk dönemi başlangıçlı obsesif-kompulsif bozukluğun (OKB) nöropsikolojik özelliklerini ele alan çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla 2006 Haziran dönemine kadarki Med-Line ve PsycInfo veri tabanları taranmıştır. Araştırmaların sonuçları, kullanılan testlerin ölçtüğü özellikler gözönüne alınarak dikkat, bellek ve yönetici işlevler süreçleri açısından ele alınmış ve çocukluk dönemi başlangıçlı OKB'nin nöro-psikolojik özelliklerinin genel bir profilini oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Genel olarak bakıldığında sonuçlar çocukluk dönemi başlangıçlı OKB'nin nöropsikolojik özellikler bakımından yetişkinlikten farklı olduğunu söylemekten henüz uzaktır. Buna göre, OKB'de ki dikkat ve bellek süreçlerinde yanlı veya seçici bir işleyişin olduğu ve bu yanlılığın obsesyon ve kompulsiyonlarla ilişkili tehdit edici uyarıcılara yönelik olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca sonuçlar, OKB'de belleğin bozulmuş olduğuna işaret etmemekle birlikte, bazı test puanları açısından OKB hastalarının görsel-uzaysal performansının normallere göre düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Yönetici işlevler söz konusu olduğunda, OKB'de özellikle tepki ketlemesi gibi bazı yönetici işlevlerin sağlıklı kontrollere göre düşük olduğunu bulgulanmıştır. Klinik gözlemlerin OKB'nin temel sorununun üst-biliş düzeyinde olduğunu ve araştırmaların da OKB hastalarının özellikle belleğe duyulan güven açısından sağlıklı kontrollerden faklı olduğunu göstermesi, OKB'de bilgi işleme süreleri açısından oluşturulacak yeni modellerde üst-bilişin daha çok incelenmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. OKB'de nöropsikolojik süreçleri ele alan çalışmaların sözü edilen sonuçları, bilişsel süreçleri etkileyen karıştırıcı değişkenlerin olası etkileri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Neuropsychological Profile of Childhood-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
In this review paper, studies focusing on the neuropsychological characteristics of childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were evaluated. The literature search covered the MedLine and PsycInfo databases through June 2006. The presented results are of those that focus on the processes of attention, memory, and executive functions related to the aspects of the measured instruments used. The aim of this review was to provide a general neuropsychological profile of childhood-onset OCD based on the reviewed studies. In general, results showed that there is no clear evidence that the neuropsychological aspects of childhood-onset OCD differ from those of adult-onset OCD. In parallel with this, the processes of attention and memory in OCD are observed to be selective and biased, and this bias is directed towards threat-relevant stimuli related to obsessions and compulsions. In addition, dysfunction in memory and visuospatial processes in OCD patients do not result from memory impairment per se, but rather from an impaired ability to apply efficiently elaborated strategies. In childhood-onset OCD, the various lines of evidence consistently include impairment of response suppression and motor inhibition abilities; there is less consistent evidence for reduced set shifting, fluency, conceptual thinking, and planning ability. Whereas clinical observation suggests that a central problem in OCD is at the meta-memory level and that people with OCD have less meta-cognitive ability, processing of meta-cognition in childhood-onset OCD has not been investigated adequately. Finally, the results of the reviewed studies were evaluated in terms of the effects of basic co-morbidity, such as depression, Tourette's disorder, tic disorder, and other confounding variables.

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