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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 1999;6(3):135-142
Marmara Depremini Yaşayan Çocuk ve Gençlerde Ruhsal Bozukluk ve Kaygı Düzeyleri
S Alparslan, Aİ Koçkar, S Şenol, I Maral
Gazi Üniversitesi, Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
Amaç:Çocuklar korku içeren yaşam olaylarına bazen akut bazen de kronik psikolojik bozukluklara neden olan bilişsel mekanizmalarla yaklaşırlar. Bu tür bozukluklara neden olan olaylar, genellikle yoğunlukları, çocuğa ya da bir yakınını tehdit etmesi, doğal olmayan yapısı ve ani olarak ortaya çıkıp, şaşırtma oranı ile çocuğun doğal başa çıkma mekanizmalarını geçerek onları tamamen çaresiz bırakırlar. Çocukluk travmatik yaşantıları normal bir çocukluk döneminde beklenen yaşantıların tümüyle dışında bir deneyimdir. Doğal felaketler aileden birinin kaybı, kazalar gibi yaşamın içinde gelişen ve denetlenemeyen olaylar kurulmuş olan dengeyi alt üst ederler. 17 Ağustos 1999 Marmara depremi çocukların üzerinde çok önemli etkiler bırakan bir doğal felakettir. Bu araştırmanın amacı bu etkilerin içeriğini anlamaya çalışmaktır.
Yöntem:Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nin deprem bölgesindeki çocuklarda fiziksel ve ruhsal hastalık arasında Bolu’nun Gölkaya ilçesinde ilköğretim okullarında ve liselerdeki çocuklar bir çocuk psikiyatristi tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Çocuk ve ergenlerdeki kaygı düzeyleri ve deprem sonrası akut stres bozukluğunun varlığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Toplam 1118 çocuğun tarandığı araştırma kapsamında 408 çocuğa durumluk ve sürekli kaygı ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. 13 yaş ve üstü çocuklar için durumluk ve sürekli kaygı formları, 12 yaş ve altındaki çocuklara ise durumluk ve sürekli kaygı ölçekleri uygulanmıştır.
Sonuç:12 yaş ve altı için yaşın küçük olması ve yakınların kaybı anlamlı olarak durumluk kaygıyı yordamıştır. 13 yaş ve üstü için ise yaşın büyümesi ve cinsiyet durumluk kaygısı yordamaktadır. 12 yaş ve altı için cinsiyet sürekli kaygıyı yordamıştır. Psikiyatrik muayene sonunda deneklerden 84’ünde akut stres bozukluğu 20’sinde uyku bozukluğu, 6’sında depresyon, 9’unda dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve 3’ünde enürezis saptanmıştır. Ayrıca 6’sında anksiyete, birinde obsesif ve 1 denekte ise fobik belirtilere rastlanmıştır. Deneklerin 136’sı bir ruhsal bozukluk ya da semptom tanısı ile değerlendirilmiş ve tedavi programına alınmıştır.
Tartışma:Araştırma sonuçlarının genelleştirilebilmesi için, çocuk ve ergenin risk grubunu oluşturdukları böylesi travmatik yaşantıların etkilerinin araştırılmasına yönelik daha kapsamlı çalışmalar gerekmektedir.
Psychiatric Symptoms and Anxiety Levels in Children and Adolescents Surviving the Marmara Earthquake
Objective: Children respond to horrifying events with cognitive mechanisms that may lead to acute or chronic psychological disorders. the events that cause these disturbances are usually through their intensity, their threats to child or to someone else, their unusula nature and their suddenness break the child's ordinary coping mechanisms, leaving the child totally helpless. Childhood traumatic events are outside the range of what is expected in the course of an ordinary childhood. Natural disasters, a loss in the family and accidents change the child's normal equilibrium. The August 17, 1999 Marmara Eartquake is a natural disaster which has affected many children. Thus this research has aimed to find the effects on children after this earthquake.

Method: A Chjild psychiatrist from Gazi University Medical Faculty has assessed a total of 1118 children in primary and high schools in Bolu-Golkaya during 13-17 Semptember, a total of 408 children were administered the state and tratit anxiety inventories. For ages 13 and higher the state-trait anxiety inventory was administered. For 12 [year]s and below the state-trait anxiety inventory or children was administered.

Results: For 12 [year]s and under the loss of someone close and the age being smaller predicted the state anxiety. State anxiety was predicted by gender and increasing age. Trait anxiety was predicted by gender for 12 [year]s of age and below. For 13 [year]s and higher trait anxiety was predicted by increasing age and gender.

Discussion: In order to generalize the results of this research more studies in traumatic events need to be conducted.

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