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Yıl:2007; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2007;18(3):262-269
Prefrontal Korteks: Bellek İşlevi ve Bunama ile İlişkisi
NE Özen, M Rezaki
Kırıkkale Ü Tıp Fak., Psikiyatri AD., Kırıkkale
Amaç: Prefrontal korteks (PFK), frontal lobların davranışla ilişkili ve anlaşılması en karmaşık olan bölümüdür. Frontal bölgenin ve PFK'nin bellekle ilişkisine ait bilgiler ise kısmen daha yakın tarihlidir. Bu gözden geçirmede PFK'nin nöroanatomik yapısı, bellek işleyişindeki rolü ve normal yaşlanmada bellek üzerine etkisine ait yazın bilgisinin özetlenmesi ve bu bölgeyi etkileyen frontal bunamalar yanı sıra, diğer bunama tiplerinde PFK'nin katkısı ile ilgili yeni bilgilerin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışmada geriye dönük kaynak taraması yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla yeni çalışmalar yanı sıra, genel bilgiler için klasik bilgilerin yer aldığı görece eski tarihli kaynaklardan da yararlanılmıştır. Pubmed ve Google arama motoru kullanılarak, "prefrontal korteks, bunama/tipleri, bellek" anahtar sözcükleri tercih edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Prefrontal korteksin bilişsel ve sosyal işlevleri çok önemli olmasına karşın, frontal lobun ağır hasarlarında bile ağır bilişsel bozukluk gözlenmemesi, bu bölgeye ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Prefrontal korteks hasarında davranışsal belirtiler çok gürültülü ve ön planda olduğu için, olasılıkla bellek kusuru gözden kaçmaktadır. Prefrontal korteksin özellikle eski bilgilerin anımsanması, yani belleğin geri çağrılmasında önemli rolü olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bölgeye yerleşimi bilinen frontal bölge bunamaları yanı sıra, Alzheimer hastalığı, hafif bilişsel eksiklik ve normal yaşlanmada da PFK'nin etkilendiğine ve davranışsal ve psikiyatrik belirti oluşumuna katkıda bulunduğuna ait kanıtlar artmaktadır.

Sonuç: Bellek bozukluğu ile giden klinik tablolarda frontal bölge ve PFK'nin etkilenmesi seyrek bir durum değildir. Prefrontal korteksin farklı bölümleri, normal belleğin farklı türlerinin işleyişi ve bellek bozukluğu ile giden klinik durumlarla ilişkilidir. İleri nörogörüntüleme teknikleri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalar ve her düzeydeki bunamalar için oluşturulacak hayvan modelleri PFK'nin bellekle ilgili işlevlerinin aydınlatılmasına yardımcı olacaktır.
Prefrontal Cortex: Implications for Memory Functions and Dementia
Objective: The prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is one of the most complex areas of the human brain, is a frontal lobe segment that is consistently implicated in motor behaviors. In recent [year]s it has been suggested that it is involved in memory functions via its diffuse anatomical networks. In this review, it was aimed to summarize the recent literature about PFC neuroanatomy, and its role in memory, normal aging, and dementias.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed the literature, including recent relevant studies. In addition, textbooks were included for essential themes. PubMed and the Google search engine were used, and the keywords chosen for searches were: prefrontal cortex, dementia/types, and memory.

Results: Although the PFC has considerable cognitive and social functions, only minor cognitive dysfunction is observed when the frontal lobes are severely damaged. It is possible to say that the memory deficits could be masked by rigorous behavioral symptoms. The PFC has a critical role in memory retrieval. There is growing evidence that the PFC is involved not only in frontal lobe-type dementias, but also Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging. The psychiatric and behavioral symptoms in such cases may be related to PFC dysfunction.

Conclusion: Memory-related disorders are commonly associated with the frontal lobes and PFC. It may be considered that different parts of the PFC are related to different memory types and memory dysfunctions. Further studies with advanced neuroimaging techniques and valid animal models for all types and stages of dementias will help us to understand the role of the PFC in memory, physiology, and pathologies.

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