Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:1997; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 1997;4(3):171-178
Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Etyopatogenezi Üzerine Varsayımlar
Ö Yorbık, R Akın, İ Yavaş
GATA, Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) nun etyopatogenezinde birçok etken rol oynamakta ve yeni varsayımlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Frontal korteks ile sensoriyal assosiasyon korteksi ve frontal korteks ile lokus sereleus (LS) arasındaki paralel nöronal bağlantıların dikkat düzenlenmesinde rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Prefrontal korteks (PFK), sensoriyal asosiasyon korteksine olan inhibitör nöronal bağlantıları ile ilgisiz (dikkati dağıtan) uyaranları inhibe eder. Böylece kişi ilgilendiği uyarana dikkatini verip, konsantrasyonunu artırmaktadır. PFK'nin bu işlevinin bozulması dikkatin sürdürülmesinde güçlüklere neden olmaktadır. Son zamanlarda çok basamaklı hipotez ile; norepinefrin, epinefrin ve dopamin arasındaki ilişkiler sonucunda dikkatin ve impuls kontrolünün düzenlendiği ileri sürülmektedir. DEHB etyopatogenezinin dominant hemisferin inhibisyon yetersizliği ve hemisferik asimetri, tiroid hormonlarına genel direnç sendromu, gıda duyarlılığı ve alerji, otoimminute, frajil X sendromu, eser elementler, kurşun zehirlenmesi, prenatal ve perinatal etkenler, prematurite, beyin hasar, aile, çevre, psikososyal ortam, cinsiyet ve genetik etkenler ile ilgili olabileceği de ileri sürülmüştür.
Hypothesis about the Possible Etiologic Factors and Pathogenesis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A Millennium of etiologic factors to explain pathopsychophysologic events leading to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are proposed. In modulation of attention, parellel neuronal projections of frontal cortex to sensorial association cortex and to locus cereleus are thought to involve. Prefrontal cortex (PFK) inhibits irrelevant stimulations with inhibitory neuronal projections to sensorial association cortex. Thus distractibility is lessened and concentration is improved. Recently a multistage hypothesis is proposed, which emphasizes the interaction of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in modulation of attention and impulse control. Other reported factors included in the etiology of ADHD are; fragile X syndrome, prenatal and postnatal rsiks, allergy, sex, deficiency of trace elements, autoimmunity, the syndrome of generalized resistance to thyroid hormones, ineffective, inhibition of dominant hemispheres, lead poisoning, prematurity, brain damage, family, psychosocial environment.

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