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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2006;9(4):177-184
Yaşlılarda Depresif Belirtiler ve Bilişsel Bozukluğu Etkileyebilecek Etkenler
MN İlhan, I Maral, M Kitapçı, S Aslan, N Çakır, MA Bumin
Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Amaç: Yaşlılarda depresif belirtiler ve bilişsel bozuklukları etkileyebilecek yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim, sosyal güvence, kro­nik hastalık etkenleri ile tiroid hormonları, vitamin B12, folik asit gibi hormonal ve esansiyel etkenleri bir arada değerlendirerek depresif belirtiler ve bilişsel bozukluklar için risk etkenlerini saptamaktır. Yöntem: Ankara'da iki huzurevinde yaşayan 191 kişi üzerinde yapılan araştırma­da demografik bilgi anketi, Eğitimsizler için Standardize Mini Mental Test (SMMT-E), Yaşlılar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği (YDÖ) kullanıldı. Venöz kan örneklerinden ST3, ST4, TSH, Vitamin B12 ve Folik Asit çalışıldı. Depresif belirtiler ve bi­lişsel bozukluğu etkileyebilecek etkenler lojistik regresyon ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 76.5±8.3'tür, %60.7'si kadın, %39.3'ü erkektir. Yaşlıların %48.2'sinde depresif belirtiler, %50.8'inde bilişsel bozukluk vardır. Depresif belirti olasılığı, fiziksel kronik hastalığı olanlarda olmayanlara göre 3.75; sosyal güvencesi olmayanlarda olanlara göre 3.84; son bir ayda yaşamı olumsuz etkileyen olay yaşayanlarda yaşamayanlara göre 9.77; bilişsel bozuk­luğu olanlarda olmayanlara göre 3.01 kat fazladır. Huzurevinde geçirilen süre 1 yıldan fazla olanlarda 0.4 kat azdır Bilişsel bozukluk riski, 75 yaş ve üzerinde olan­larda 6.30; ilkokul mezunu olmayanlarda 6.80; depres­yonu olanlarda 3.23 kat fazladır. Sonuç: Yaşlılara verile­cek sağlık hizmetlerin planlanmasında belirlenen risk etkenleri dikkate alınmalıdır.
Factors Influencing Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Disorders Among Elderly
Objectives: The objective is to determine the risk factors for depressive symptoms and cognitive disorders among elderly evaluating essential and hormonal factors such as age, gender, educational status, health insurance, chron­ic disease and thyroid hormones, vitamin B12, folic acid. Method: 191 elderly living in two nursing homes in Ankara were included into the study. The demographic information questionnaire, Mini Mental State Examination test for Illiterate (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used for the data collec­tion. Serum TSH, FT3, FT4 levels, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels in venous blood samples were investigated Factors which could influence depressive symptoms and cognitive disorder were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 76.5±8.3; 60.3% of them were female and 39.7% were male. 48.2% of the subjects had depressive symptoms and 50.8% had cognitive disorder. The depressive symptom risk was 3.75 times higher in those who had any chronic disease; 3.84 times in those who had not health insurance; 9.77 times for those who had any life event fluenced negatively his/her life; 3.01 times for those with cognitive disorder. There was 0.4 times decreased risk for the subjects living in nursing home more than a [year]. Cognitive disorder risk was 6.30 times higher for 75 and over age group; 6.80 times higher for those who were illiterate or not completed the primary school and 3.23 times in those with depression. Conclusion: It is required to take into consideration the determined risk factors to plan the elderly health ser­vices.

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