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Yıl:2007; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2007;18(1):13-21
Depresyon Saptanmasında Genel Sağlık Anketi-12
H Özdemir, M Rezaki
Hacettepe Ü Öğrenci Sağlık Merkezi, Ankara
Amaç: Bu çalışma, psikiyatri kliniğine başvuran üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon saptanmasında GSA-12’nin geçerliği ve uygun kesme noktasını araştırmak amacıyla düzenlendi.

Yöntem: Üniversite Öğrenci Sağlık Merkezi Psikiyatri Polikliniğine ardışık olarak başvuran ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 170 öğrenciye (115 kadın ve 55 erkek) görüşme öncesi bir sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve Genel Sağlık Anketi-12 (GSA-12) verildi. Ardından DSM-IV tanılarının belirlenmesi için DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme (SCID-I) uygulandı.

Bulgular: Öğrencilerin % 49’u depresyon tanısı alırken, % 35 öğrenci herhangi bir psikiyatrik tanı almadı. Ortalama GSA puanı 7.5±3.7 idi. (kadınlar için: 8.0±3.6 ve erkekler için 6.4±3.7, p<0.05). Depresyon için belirlenen duyarlılık ve özgüllük değerleri sırasıyla: % 83 ve % 65 (7/8 kesme noktası için); % 75 ve % 77 (8/9 kesme noktası için); % 62 ve % 88’ti (9/10 kesme noktası için). İç tutarlılık katsayısı (Crohnbach’s alpha 0.88) yeterli idi. GSA’nin 8/9 kesme noktası ve depresyon tanısı için kappa katsayısı 0.52 olarak bulundu. Depresyon tanısı için, odds oranı en yüksek GSA maddesi günlük işlerden zevk alabilmeyi sorgulayan 9. madde olmuştur (OR(GA)= 11,84 (4,66-30,08)).

Tartışma: Bu çalışmanın bulguları GSA-12’nin depresyon saptanmasında yararlı bir tarama ölçeği olduğunu göstermiştir. Psikiyatriye başvuran öğrencilerin çalışmaya alınması ve öğrencilerin daha sık psikolojik yakınmalarda bulunması yüksek kesme noktasının (8/9) nedenleri arasında sayılabilir. Psikiyatri kliniğine başvuran öğrencilerde GSA’nin kesme noktasının yükseltilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:
General Health Questionnaire-12 for the Detection of Depression
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the validity and the possible cut-off points of the General Health Questionnaire–12 (GHQ-12) in detecting depression in university students.

Methods: The study included 170 students (115 females and 55 males) that consecutively applied to a university student health center psychiatric clinic and who were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form and the GHQ-12 before their visit with the psychiatrist. DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders (SCID-I).

Results: Depression was the most prevalent DSM-IV diagnosis (49%) and 35% of the students did not have any psychiatric diagnosis. Mean GHQ-12 score was 7.5 ± 3.7 (8.0 ± 3.6 for females and 6.4 ± 3.7 for males, p < 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity for depressive disorder were 83% and 65% (for the cut-off point 7/8), 75% and 77% (for the cut-off point 8/9), and 62% and 88% (for the cut-off point 9/10), respectively. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.88) was good. Kappa coefficient for agreement between DSM diagnosis for depression and GHQ (cut-off 8/9) was 0.52. Item 9, which inquired about pleasure, produced the highest odds ratio for the diagnosis of depression (OR(CI) = 11.84 (4.66-30.08)).

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that GHQ-12 is a useful screening instrument for the detection of depression with a high cut-off point (8/9). The students’ tendency to report more psychological symptoms and the administration of the instrument in a student psychiatric clinic could be the reasons for the high GHQ-12 cut-off points. We propose the use of high cut-off points for students who applied to a psychiatric clinic for more accurate detection of depression.

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