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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 44; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2006;44(4):172-177
Erişkin Mental Retarde Psikiyatri Hastalarında Yatış Süresini Etkileyen Faktörler
İ Yaluğ, AE Tufan, M Gökbakan, B Akbaş
Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD
Amaç: Mental Retardasyon DSM-IV'de 70'in altında bir zekâ bölümü (ZB: Intelligence Ouotient, IQ) ile belirlenen normal altı bilişsel işlevler ve toplumsal ve kişisel bağımsızlığı engelleyecek işlev bozukluğu olmak üzere iki özellik ile tanımlanmaktadır. Hafif mental retarde hastalarda psikiyat­rik problemlerin toplum geneline benzemekle beraber daha sık olduğu, daha ağır mental retar-dasyonda ise psikiyatrik sorunların hem sıklığı hem de görünümünün değiştiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın hedefi bir üniversite hastanesi psikiyatri servisinde yatırılarak tedavi edilen mental re­tarde hastaların sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerini belirleyerek, bu hasta popülasyonunda ya­tış süresini etkileyen faktörleri araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: KOÜTF Hastanesi Psikiyatri servisinde Temmuz 2000-Mayıs 2005 tarihleri arasında yatırı­larak tedavi edilen hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak taranarak mental retardasyon ve sınır­da mental işlevselliği olan hastalar saptanmıştır. Hastaların sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri belirlenerek ki kare testi ve deskriptif istatistikler ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Mental retardasyon ve sınırda mental işlevselliği olan hastalar tüm hastaların %4'ünü oluşturmaktaydı. En sık tanı grubu psikotik bozukluklardı (%40). Hastaların %20'sinde yatış önce­si mental retardasyon tanınabilmişti. Yatış süresi ile intihar girişimi sayısı, yatışta işlevselliğin genel değerlendirilmesi ve kullanılan nöroleptik türü arasındaki ilişki önemli olmakla beraber istatistik olarak anlamlı seviyeye ulaşmadı. Tipik antipsikotik kullananlar daha az yatırılma eğilimindeydi. Tartışma: Örneklemimizde intihar girişimi prevalansının yüksekliği ve intihar girişimi ile yatış sü­resinin ilişkisi dikkat çekicidir ve mental retardasyonu olan bireylerde intihar öyküsü alınmasının gerekliliğini vurgulanmaktadır. Tipik antipsikotik kullananların daha az yatırılma eğiliminde olma­sı bu ilâçların daha fazla sedasyon yapmasına bağlı olabilir. Bulgularımızın ileriye dönük olarak dü­zenlenmiş, daha geniş örneklemlerden oluşan çalışmalarla tekrarına ihtiyaç vardır.
Factors Affecting the Period of Hospitalization in Adult Mentally Retarded Psychiatric Patients
Objective: Mental retardation in DSM-IV is defined by two features: subnormal cognitive functi­ons characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) less than 70 and dysfunction hampering social and personal independence. Psychiatric problems in mild mental retardation are similar but more frequent to general population but, they change both in frequency and presentation in severe mentally retarded. The objective of this study is to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of mentally retarded patients treated as inpatients in the psychiatric department of a university hospital and to investigate the factors affecting the period of hospitalization. Method: Records of patients treated as inpatients in the Psychiatry Department of Kocaeli University Medical Faculty between July 2000 and May 2005 were retrospectively reviewed and patients with mental retardation or borderline intellectual functioning were identified. Sociodemographic and cli­nical characteristics of patients were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square test. SPSS 10.0 program was used for statistical analysis and p=0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Findings: Four percent of all patients had mental retardation or borderline intellectual functi­oning. The most common diagnostic groups were psychotic disorders (40%). Mental retardation was diagnosed before hospitalization only in 20% of patients. Relationship between period of hos­pital stay and number of suicide attempts, global assessment of functioning at hospitalization and type of neuroleptic used were all important but not statistically significant (p=0.06, 0.07 and 0.09). Patients using typical antipsychotics tended to have shorter hospital stays. Discussion: The increased prevalence of suicide attempts and relationship between suicide at­tempts and period of hospital stay in our population are both significant and underlie the impor­tance of taking a suicide history in mentally retarded patients. The tendency of patients using typi­cal antipsychotics to have shorter hospital stays may be due to increased sedative effects of these drugs. Our results need to be replicated with prospective studies using larger populations.

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