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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 2005;13(3):175-185
Psikomotor ajitasyonun hızlı kontrolünde intramüsküler olanzapin
M Şaylan
Giriş: Ajİtasyon farklı psikiyatrik ve medİkal hastalıkların sürecinde sık karşılaşılan, hızlı müdahale gerektiren bir semptomlar grubudur. Ajitasyon sağaltımında, olanzapinin intramüsküler formunun tipik antİpsikotiklere göre daha hızlı ve daha güvenilir etkinlik sağladığı öne sürülmektedir.
Yöntem: Bu sistematik Özden geçirmede, psikiyatri hastalarının ajitasoyunun sağaltımında olanzapin intramüskülerin (ÎM) etkinlik ve güvenilirliğini tek biçimli bildirmek amaçlandı. 2004 Temmuz ayına kadar Medline veritabanına dahil edilen, yayınlanmış tüm çift kör, ileriye dönük, kontrollü randomize çalışmaların ve bu çalışmaların birleştirilmiş ikin­cil etkinlik ve güvenilirlik analizlerini bildiren yayınlar değerlendirilmeye alındı.
Bulgular: Şizofreni, bipolar akut mani ve demans hastalarıyla yapılmış, Önceden belirtilen kriterlere uygun 4 çalışma belirlendi. Çalışmaların yönetmi, dahil edilen hasta özellikleri, etkinlik ve güvenilirlik özellikleri tablolar halinde özetlendi. 2 saat sonunda tüm çalışmalarda olanzapin İM PANSS-EC ölçeğinde 5.5 ila 9.6 puan arasında değişen anlam­lı düzelme sağlanmıştı. Şizofreni ve akut mani hastalarda %80'e, demans hastalarında %67'e varan anlamlı yanıt oran­ları elde edilmişti. Olanzapin İM etkiliği ilk 15-30 dakika içinde gözlenmişti. Hastaların yaklaşık %75'inde 24 saat içinde tek olanzapin İM enjeksiyonu yeterli olmuştu. Kendiliğinden bildiren yan etkilerin sıklığında sağaltım grupları arasında fark gözlenmemişti. Olanzapin hastalarında akut distoni ve Ajitasyon Sakinlik Değerlendirme Ölçeğine (ACES) göre aşırı sedasyon olgusu gözlenmemişti. 2. saatte olanzapin hastalarında ortostatik kan basıncında ve kalp hızında lorazepam ve plaseboya göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmesine rağmen klinik olarak anlamlı bir fark­lılık yoktu. Olanzapin ile QTc aralığında klinik olarak anlamlı bir değişim olmamıştı.
Sonuç: Bulgular olanzapin İM'in ajitasyonun hızlı kontrolünde etkili ve güvenilir olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Intramuscular olanzapine for the rapid control of psychomotor agitation
Introduction: Agitation represents a group of symptoms that require rapid intervention and It is commonly seeen during the course of diffenent medical and psychiatric disorder. We hypothized that olanzapine IM formulation provides
more rapid and safer efficacy profile versus typical antipsychotic in the treatment of agitation.
Method: This systematic review aims to report efficacy and safety of olanzapine intramuscular (IM) when used in the treatment of psychiatric patiens agitation In a standardized way. In this review, we evaluated all articles that are includ­ed in Medline until June 2004 and that report prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trials and their pooled secondary analyses.
Results: We identified four studies, which were conducted with schizophrenia, bipolar acute mania and dementia patients that fit a priori defined criteria. We summarized study methods, patient charecteristies, efficacy, safety results with tables. In all trials, olanzapine IM caused significant improvement in PANSSEC scale, at the end of 2 hours. The mean improvement was between 5.5 and 9.6 Significant response rates that reach %80 in schizopherenia and acute mania patients and %67 in dementia patients are observed. The effiacy of Olanzapine IM was observed in the first 15-30 minutes. In 24 hours, single injection was sufficient approximately for %75 of patients. The rate of spontaneously reported adverse event was not diffirent between treatment groups. No patient with acute distain or excessive sedation according to Agitation Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) was observed In olanzapine patients. Although statistically significant changes in orthostatic blood pressure and heart rate at 2. hour were observed with olanzapine versus lorazepam and placebo, these were not chinically meaningful. There was not any clinical significant change with olan­zapine in QTc interval.
Conclusion : The results suggest that olanzapine IM is effective ant safe in the rapid control of agitation.

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