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Yıl:1996; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Ege Psikiyatri Sürekli Yayınları; 1996;1(4):665-684
Şizofrenide Psikososyal Kuramlar ve Tedaviler
PG Gökalp
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Şizofreni toplumsal işlevler üzerinde yaygın etkisi olan, çok yönlü, karmaşık bir sendrom olma özelliğini Kraepelin'den yüz yıl sonra da hala korumaktadır. Etyoloji, semptomatoloji, beyinde yapısal ve/veya işlevsel bozukluklara ilişkin çalışmalar sürerken şizofreninin en somut özelliği bireylerde yarattığı yeti yitimidir. Şizofreninin tedavisinde psikofarmakolojik tedavinin yeri yadsınamazken, bireyin toplum içinde yaşamını sürdürebilmesinde ve ilaç tedavisine uyumunda psikososyal yaklaşımın önemi de yaygın olarak kabul edilmektedir. Psikosoyal tedavilerin tarihsel gelişiminde önce 1950'li yıllarda etyopatogenezde anne ve aile üzerinde odaklaşıldı. Aile içindeki iletişim tarzları ve duygu dışavurumunun prognozda önemi olduğu görüldü. Bindokuzyüzyetmiş'li yıllarda da şizofreninin başlangıç ve daha sonraki yinelemelerinde bireyin zedelenebilirliğini ön plana alan vulnerabilite-stres kuramı ortaya atıldı. Tüm bu açıklayıcı modeller üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar şizofreninin ancak insanı biyopsikososyal bir varlık olarak ele alan çok yönlü kapsamlı bir yaklaşımla tedavi edilebileceğini göstermiştir
Psychosocial Theories and Treatments in Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia keeps its features of being a multi-faceted, complex syndrome with a deteriorating effect on social functioning, even a hundred [year]s after Kraepelin. While studies continue, the most concrete characteristic of schizophrenia is the disability it causes in the individual. While no one can deny the position of psychopharmacotherapy in the treatment of schizophrenia, the importance of psychosocial approach for the maintenance of the patient's life in the community and medication compliance is widely accepted. In the development of psychosocial treatment perspectives, mother and family was the first point of focus in the 1950'ies. Communication patterns and Expressed Emotion (EE) in the family were considered effective in the prognosis of schizophrenia. Later in the 1970'ies, vulnerability - stress theory which stressed the predisposition and vulnerability of the individual in the first and the relapse episodes of the disorder, was put forward. The results of the studies on these explanatory models, show that, schizophrenia can only be treated with a comprehensive treatment including different orientations, that handles humans as biopsychosocial beings.

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