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Yıl:1996; Cilt: 1; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Ege Psikiyatri Sürekli Yayınları; 1996;1(2):227-254
Alkol, Farmakolojik Özellikleri, ve Alkol Bağımlılığının Nörofarmakolojik Yönü
T Uzbay
GATA Tıbbi Farmakoloji ABD, Ankara
Alkol dünyada en yaygın kullanılan psikoaktif maddelerden biridir ve kronik veya aşırı alkol tüketimi dünyadaki hemen her ülke için önemli bir psikososyal problemdir. Alkolün organizmadaki major etki yeri santral sinir sistemidir. Akut veya kronik alkol verilmesi sinir sisteminde bazı yapısal, fizyolojik ve nörokimyasal değişikliklere neden olur. Alkol aynı zamanda bilinen tüm santral nörobiyolojik sistemlerle etkileşir. Kronik alkol kullanımı alkolün santral etkilerine tolerans gelişimi ve fiziksel bağımlılıkla sonuçlanır. Alkolün davranışsal etkileri ve alkol yoksunluk sendromunun belirtileri açık bir şekilde tanımlanmış olmakla beraber, alkole tolerans ve fiziksel bağımlılık gelişimi ile alkol yoksunluk sendromunun mekanizması henüz net bir şekilde ortaya konamamıştır. Bununla beraber, santral dopaminerjik, GABAerjik, glutamerjik, noradrenerjik ve opiyaterjik sistemlerin alkole bağımlılık gelişmesi ve yoksunluk sendromunda önemli bir rolü olduğuna işaret eden bazı kanıtlar vardır. Bu makalede, alkolün farmakolojik özellikleri ve alkole bağımlılık gelişimi ile ilişkili mekanizmalar geniş bir literatür çerçevesinde gözden geçirilmiştir.

Alcohol, Its Pharmacological Properties and Neurobiological Aspects of Alcohol Dependence
Alcohol is one of the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world and chronic or excessive consumption of alcohol is an important psychosocial problem for almost every country in the world. The major target of ethanol in organism is central nervous system. Acute or chronic alcohol administration causes some structural, physiologic and neurochemical changes in nervous system. It also interacts with all the known neurobiologic systems of the central nervous system. Chronic exposure to alcohol results in development of tolerance to central effects of alcohol and physical dependence. Although the behavioral effects of alcohol and the signs of alcohol withdrawal syndrome was described clearly, neither the mechanisms of tolerance and physical dependence nor those of ethanol withdrawal syndrome were completely elucidated yet. However, there are some significant evidences indicating an important role of central dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamergic, noradrenergic and opiatergic systems in alcohol dependence and withdrawal syndrome. In this article, pharmacological properties of alcohol and central mechanisms involved in alcohol dependence have been reviewed in the light of a widely literature.

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