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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2006;16(2):133-146
Kronik yorgunluk immün disfonksiyon sendromu: Nöroendokrin değişiklikler
HB İzgi, S Sofuoğlu, A Asdemir
Erciyes Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri ABD, Kayseri
Amaç: Kronik yorgunluk immün disfonksiyon sendromu (CFIDS] sebe­bi bilinmeyen ve küçük bir zorlanma iletetiklenen sakatlayıcı ağır fiziksel-zihinsel bitkinlik ile karakterize heterojen bir problemdir. Bu maka­lede tıbba meydan okuyan bu sendromun ilgi çeken nöroendokrinolojisi gözden geçirilecektir.
Yöntem: CFIDS alanındaki çalışmaların çoğu hipotalamo-pitüiter-adrenal (HPA) ekseni araştırmak üzere yapılmıştır fakat sonuçlar oldukça çelişkilidir. Bu makalede bu alandaki bütün nöroendokrinolojik çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar ve hormonal tedaviler tartışılacaktır.
Bulgular: HPA eksen çalışmalarının çoğu azalmış kortizol salınımının en azından bazı CFIDS hastalarında semptomların oluşmasıyla bağ­lantılı olduğunu göstermektedir. Şiddetlenmiş negatif geri-bildirim ve glukokortikoid reseptör fonksiyonu değişiklikleri, bozuk ACTH ve korti­zol cevaplarını açıklamak için deliller sunmaktadır. Bundan başka, CFİDS'de kortikosteroid-bağlayan globulin (CBG) üretimini kontrol eden gende, CBG'nin fonksiyonunun tamamen yok olması ile sonuç­lanan yeni bir mutasyon keşfedilmiştir. Bütün bunlara rağmen CFİDS'de HPA eksende özgün bir disfonksiyon olması hususunda fikir birliği yoktur. CFİDS'de GH, HPT eksen, DHEA fonksiyonlarında ve se­rotonin fonksiyonunda normalden sapmalar olduğunu bildiren çalış­malar vardır. Uyarıya serotonin cevaplarının bazal kortizol seviyeleri ile negatif korelasyon gösterdiği ve CFIDS'li hastaların düşük bazal kortizol seviyeleri ile yükselmiş serotonin cevaplarının depresyonlu hastalardakine zıt bir durum arzettiği gösterilmiştir. CFİDS'in subakut, akut ve kronik fazlarında uyku bozuklukları, inaktivite-dayanıklılık kay­bı, psikiyatrik morbidite, ilaçlar, hastalığın kendisinin oluşturduğu sü­regelen stres ve hastanın içinde bulunduğu evre gibi endokrin sistemi etkileyebilecek bir çok faktör söz konusudur. Sonuç: Gelecekte CFİDS'de endokrin değişikliklerin etyopatogenetik anlamını belirlemek için yapılacak çalışmaların yüksek-risk gruplarını ve iyileşmiş hastaları kapsaması önem arzetmektedir. Bu çeşit strate­jiler CFİDS'deki endokrin anormalliklerin epifenomen mi olduğu, yok­sa bir değişmez özellik mi olduğu hususunda değerli bilgiler yanında, yeni tedavi seçenekleri bulunmasını da sağlayacaktır.
Chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome: neuroendocrine alterations
Objective: Chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS] is a heterogenous problem with an ambiguous origin and characterized by a severe disabling physical and mental fatigue that is exacerbating by minor strain. There has been a great deal of interest in neuroendocrinology on this challenging syndrome and neuroendocrinologic data obtained so far will be reviewed in this paper. Methods: Many studies had been performed to investigate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA] axis in CFIDS but the results are quite conflicting. Overall evidence of those neuroendocrinologic studies and hormonal treatment will be discussed in this article. Results: Many of the HPA axis studies indicate a reduced Cortisol output and symptom production are correlated in at least some CFIDS patients. There is some evidence for heightened negative feedback and changes in glucocorticoid receptor function for impaired ACTH and Cortisol responses. Furthermore, a mutation in the gene which controls the production of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) which is associated with complete loss of function of CBG was identified recently in CFIDS. However, there is no consensus on a specific dysfunction of HPA axis in CFIDS. There is also some evidence suggesting alterations in GH and HPT axis or DHEA function and abnormal serotonergic activity in CFIDS. Serotonergic responses to stimulation were also found to be inversely correlated with basal Cortisol concentrations, and CFIDS patients had reduced baseline Cortisol and enhanced serotonergic responses, opposite to depressed patients. In the phase of subacute, acute or chronic phase of CFIDS many variables may affect endocrine system such as sleep disturbances, inactivity-deconditioning, psychiatric comorbidity, medication, ongoing stress due to CFIDS itself and grade or stage which the patient is in.
Conclusion: To obtain clearer data of etiopathological relevance of endocrine alterations in CFIDS, it seems to be important to perform future studies, in the cohort of high-risk subjects and patients recovered from CFIDS. These kinds of strategies may provide valuable information to identify whether the neuroendocrine abnormalities in CFIDS are an epiphenomena or trait markers and to find new facilities for therapeutical interventions.

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