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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 44; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2006;44(2):64-75
Tepki Doğruluğunun Tepkiye-Kilitli Olay-İlişkili Potansiyellere Etkisi
S Karakaş, Z Baran, A Özkan, C Erdemir
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Deneysel Psikoloji Bl
ÖZET
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı doğru ve hatalı tepkileri izleyen tepkiye-kilitli olay-ilişkili potansiyel (ERP) bileşenlerini belirlemek, bunların temsil ettikleri bilişsel işlevleri değerlendirmek, hata belirleme ve tepki rekabeti modellerinden hangisinin geçerli olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Yöntem: Araştırmada yaş (19-37 yaş aralığı) ve eğitim düzeyi (12 yıl ve üstü) açısından eşleştirilmiş 39 sağlıklı gönüllüden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada doğru ve hatalı tepkilerin çeşitli formlarının he­saplanmasını sağlayan ve böylece de hata-ilişkili ve doğru-il işkil i ERP bileşenlerinin gözlenmesine zemin hazırlayan, araştırma ve klinik uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan Wisconsin Kart Eşle­me Testi (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: WCST) kullanılmıştır. Uyarım, kayıt ve analiz işlemlerinde Ne-uroScan 4.2 donanım ve yazılım sistemi kullanılmıştır. WCST, bu sistem aracılığıyla bilgisayar orta­mında uygulanmıştır. EEG kaydı 10-20 sistemine göre 30 elektrot lokasyonundan (referans: birleş­tirilmiş mastoid elektrotları; toprak: alın elektrodu) alınmış, sürekli kayıtlar 0.16-100 Hz (3 dB nok­tası, 12 dB oktav/eğim) sınırlarında filtrelenmiştir. Daha sonra tepki-öncesi 1024 ms ve tepki-sonra-sı 1022 ms'lik bölümleri içerecek biçimde ERP'ler sürekli EEG kaydından seçilmiş, bu süpürümler te­mel düzeyin de belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme aralığı 500 Hz olmuştur. Her iki göz çev­resine yerleştirilmiş elektrotlar göz hareketlerinin bipolar kaydında kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Doğru ve yanlış tepkiler için frontosentral alanlardan kaydedilen tepkiye-kilitli ERP'ler bir negatif bileşen (N1, N2) ve bir pozitif bileşenden (P3 ve P4) oluşmuştur. Tekrar-ölçümlü varyans analizi P3'ün motorik bir bileşen olduğuna işaret etmiş, P4 ise tepkinin doğru ve yanlış olmasına bağlı olarak değişiklik gösteren yegâne bileşen olmuştur.
Tartışma ve Sonuç: Bulgular hata belirleme modeline karşın tepki rekabeti modelini destekleyici yönde bulunmuştur. P4'e ilişkin bulgular bu bileşenin üst-biliş işlemlerini temsil ettiğini düşündür­müştür.
Effect of Correct Responses to Response-Locked Event-Related Potentials
Purpose: To investigate the components in the response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) that are obtained after correct and incorrect responses, to assess the cognitive correlates of these components, and to find out the validity of the error detection and response competition models. Methods: The study was conducted on 39 healthy volunteers who were matched with respect to age (19-37 [year]s) and education (12 [year]s or more). As a psychometric tool that allows the asses-ment of correct and incorrect responses, the study utilized the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)




to obtain ERP components for correct and incorrect responses. Stimulation, recording and analy­ses were carried using the hardware and software of NeuroScan 4.2. Computerized version of the WCST was used. Continuous EEG recording were taken from 30 electrode locations of the 10/20 system (reference: linked mastoids; ground: forehead) and this was filtered between 0.16-100 Hz (3 dB point, 12 dB octave/slope). Time-locked ERPs were selected from continuous recordings with a pre-response interval of 1024 ms and post-response interval of 1022 ms; this epoch was also used for base-line correction. Sampling rate was 500 Hz. Bipolar recordings were made for monitoring eye movements.
Findings: The ERPs were principally obtained from the frontocentral recording sites. For both the correct and incorrect responses, they included a negative component (N1 and N2 peaks) and a po­sitive component (P3 and P4 peaks). Statistical analysis showed that P3 was a motoric component. P4 was the only component that showed an effect of response correctness; there was a significant difference between the amplitudes of the P4's that were recorded after the correct and incorrect responses.
Discussion and Conclusions: The findings supported the response competition model and refuted the error detection model. The findings for P4 indicated that this component may be the elect­rophysiological representation of meta-cognitive processes.

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