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Yıl:1994; Cilt: ; Sayı: 10>> Özet
Depresyon Monografları Serisi; 1994;(10):447-458
Depresyonda Kognitif Terapiler
MZ Sungur
Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
Beck'in kognitif terapisi, öncelikle terapistin rolünü olmak üzere terapötik ilişkinin doğasını, terapinin yürütülüş biçimini ve amaçlarını uzun süre etkileyecek değişiklikler oluşturmuştur. Beck'e göre tüm psikoterapilerin ortak özelliklerinden biri de hepsinin bilişsel değişiklik oluşturmasıdır. Beck, yaklaşımında terapistin bilirkişi olma özelliğini başlangıçta bir yana bırakarak hasta-hekim ilişkisinden öteye, insan-insana bir ilişki içinde, tüm ilgi ve dikkatini hastanın düşünce, inanç ve yorumlarına odaklar. Terapist, bir anlamda televizyon dedektifi Kolombo'nun özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Yani hastanın düşünce ve inançlarını herhangi bir yorum katmaksızın anlamaya yönelik bir tutku içinde, durumsal olarak oldukça saf ve bilgisiz bir görünüm altında tüm verileri ustaca biraraya getiren parlak bir zeka taşır. Ancak böylesine bir tutum içinde hastayla ilgili veriler olabildiğince yansız ve yorumsuz olarak toplanır. Verilerin toplanması ve ipuçlarının bir araya getirilmesi yüzeysel olandan derine yani otomatik düşüncelerden şemalara doğru inerek yapılır. Bilişsel değişikliklerin oluşturulmasında ise hastanın bireysel özellik ve gereksinimlerine yanıt verebilecek nitelikte çeşitli kognitif-davranışçı tekniklerin kullanılması söz konusudur.

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