Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:1994; Cilt: ; Sayı: 8>> Özet
Depresyon Monografları Serisi; 1994;(8):349-364
Depresyon Tedavisinde Genel Yaklaşım İlkeleri
M Ünal
Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Adana
Depresyon, dünyada ve ülkemizde- oldukça yaygın ve önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Depresyon tek başına olduğu gibi birçok organik hastalıkla birlikte, organik bir hastalığın nedeni ya da sonucunda da görülebilir.
Tedavi ilkelerini belirlerken "hastalık yok, hasta vardır" genel kuralına göre yaklaşımda bulunmak gerekir. Öncelikle her hastayı yetkin bir biçimde biyopsikososyal yönlerden iyi değerlendirmeli, bunun için gerekli incelemeleri yüksünmeden tamamlamalı, tanı ve ayırıcı tanı için ölçütleri iyi belirlemelidir.
Hastanın genel psikososyal ve ekonomik durumu de¬ğerlendirildikten sonra, bir hastaneye yatırılmalı mı? yoksa ayaktan tedavi yapılabilir mi? özkıyım (intihar) riski var mı? başka uzmanlık dalları ile işbirliğini gerektirecek organik bir bozukluğu var mı? hastalığın şiddeti, süreğenliği, psikotik, psikonörolojik, bipolar ya da unipolar bir bozukluk mu? gibi soruların kesin ve doğru yanıtı bulunmalıdır. Tedavi araçları içinde antidepresif ilaçların önemi ve önceliği tartışılmaz. Son yıllarda yeni ilaçların tedaviye girmesi hekimlere de, hastalara da yeni olanaklar sağlamıştır. Kuşkusuz burada hastaya ve hastalığına uygun ilaç seçimi, ilacın etki ve yan etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve yeterli süre kullanılmasını sağlamak gerekir. Elektrokonvülsif tedavinin (EKT) yarım yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir psikotik özellikli, özkıyım riski olan, tedaviye dirençli ağır olgularda kısa sürede ve çarpıcı yarar sağladığı tartışma götürmez bir gerçektir. Ancak EKT'ye başlamadan önce olası yan etkiler için önlem alınması gerekir.
Özet olarak başarılı bir tedavi için doğru tanı, doğru tedavi aracı ya da yöntemleri, yeterli süre ve hasta hekim arasında sağlıklı bir psi-koterapötik ilişkinin sürdürülmesi değişmez koşuldur.

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