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Yıl:2024; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2024;25(3):311-319
Kadınlarda Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığında Toplumsal ve Kendini Damgalama
D Atlam, A Çınaroğlu Asar, D Şaşman Kaylı, U Kırlı
Ege Üniversitesi,İzmir
Bağımlılık, biyolojik, psikososyal ve çevresel faktörlerin rol oynadığı kronik ruhsal bir hastalıktır. Bağımlılıkta cinsiyet faktörü önemli bir etkendir ve kadınlar bağımlılık süreçlerini erkeklerden farklı yaşarlar. Bu derleme ile kadınlardaki bağımlılık sürecinin farklılıklarına, toplumsal damgalamaya ve kadınların kendilerini damgalamalarında rol oynayabilen psikososyal unsurlara dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır. Toplumun kadın ve erkeğe yönelik değerlendirmeleri bağımlılık açısından farklılık gösterir. Toplumun kadın hastalara daha önyargılı yaklaşımı kadınların kendini damgalamalarını da şiddetlendirir. Artan kendini damgalama şiddeti, bağımlılıktan dolayı daha fazla utanç duyma, suçluluk hissetme, yalnızlaşma, benlik saygısında azalma, depresyon, sosyal olarak izole olma ve tedaviden kaçınma gibi sonuçlara neden olur. Kadının annelik rolüne atıf yapılması ve çocukların bakımı ile ilgili süreçler de tedaviden kaçınmada rol oynar. Kendini damgalayan bireyler bağımlı olduğu maddeyi kullanarak bu süreçle farkında olmadan baş etmeye çalışır. Bu durum da bağımlılık döngüsünden çıkmayı güçleştirebilir. Sonuç olarak kendini damgalamanın azaltılması için bağımlılık konusunda toplumsal farkındalığın arttırılması, toplumsal damgalamanın azaltılması, kadınların tedaviye erişiminin sağlanması, tedavi sürecinin psikoterapiler ve sosyal terapiler ile desteklenmesi, kadınlar için iş bulma fırsatlarının ve çocuk bakımı süreçlerinin oluşturulması ve kadınların sosyal destek ağlarının güçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Social and Self-Stigma in Alcohol and Drug Addiction among Women
Addiction is a chronic mental illness in which biological, psychosocial and environmental factors play a role. Gender is an important factor in addiction, and women experience the process of addiction differently compared to men. By this review, it is aimed to draw attention to the difference in the addiction process of women, the social stigma towards women and the psychosocial elements that may play a role in self-stigma of the women. Society's evaluation of men and women also differs in addiction. Society's more prejudiced approach to female patients also exacerbate women's self-stigma. The increased severity of self-stigma leads to greater shame, guilt, loneliness, decreased self-esteem, depression, social isolation, and treatment avoidance. Referring to the woman's mother role and the process of caregiving to children also play a role on treatment avoidance. Individuals who stigmatize themselves try to cope with this process unconsciously by using the substance they are addicted to. This situation may hamper to get out of the addiction cycle. In conclusion, in order to reduce self stigma, it is necessary to increase social awareness on addiction, reduce social stigmatization, ensure women's access to treatment, support the treatment process with psychotherapies and social therapies, create employment opportunities and childcare processes for the women, strengthen social support networks of the women.

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