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Yıl:1996; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 1>> Özet
PsychoMed; 1996;2(1):25-30
Psikiyatrik Bozukluklarda Başaçıkma Biçimleri
S Karaca
Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı
Son yıllarda psikiyatri hastalarının rahatsızlıkları ile başaçıkma biçimleri üzerine ilgi artmıştır. "Başaçıkma" terimi yaşam olayları ve psikiyatrik bozukluklar arasında ilişkinin anlaşılmasında merkezdir. Makalede, psikiyatri hastalarının rahatsızlıkları ile başaçıkma biçimleri Lazarus'un Bilişsel Değerlendirme Modeli çerçevesinde ele alındı. Genel olarak duyguya odaklanma, kaçınma, hayal kurma, destek arama ve yüzyüze gelme türü başaçıkma stratejilerinin psikopatolojik belirtilerle pozitif ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Başaçıkma ile depresyonun sebebi, sürmesi, sonucu ve tedavisinde önemli ilişkinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Akut Posttravmatik Stres Bozukluğu (PTSB) olan bireyler problem yönelimli, destek arama, olumluya odaklanma ve kendini kınama stratejilerini kullanırlar. Kronik PTSB'Iİ bireyler gerilimi azaltma, olumlu düşünme ve kendi stratejilerini sürdürme gibi ilgisiz olmaya daha fazla dayanırlar. Yeme bozukluklarında probleme yönelim, sosyal destek arama başaçıkma biçimleri azalır. Şizofren hastalarda, aşırı çay veya kahve içme, sigara içme, sakinleştirici kullanma gibi madde kullanımı, saldırgan olma, hayal kurma, kendini kınama, cinsel davranışa yönelme, çekinme-kaçınma, duygusal yönelimli başaçıkma, sorunla¬rını kendi başlarına çözümlemeye yönelme, sosyal ilişkilerini azaltma, psikotrop ilaç kullanımı, bilişsel yöntemler ve sosyal destek arama başaçıkma biçimleri artar.

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