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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 60; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2023;60(4):380-384
Tedaviye Yüksek Dirençli Şizofreni Hastasında Saptanan KMT2D Geni c.4168G>A(p.Ala1390Thr) Varyasyonu: Olgu Sunumu ve Gözden Geçirme
Anıl Alp , E Özçelik Eroğlu , Mİ Yıldız , AC Ceylan , B Demir , S Özer
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Şizofreni, genetiğin etiyolojide önemli bir yere sahip olduğu çok etkenli bir ruhsal hastalıktır. Genom boyu ilişkilendirme çalışmalarında (GWAS) aday genlerde birçok yaygın varyant (tek nükleotid polimorfizmler) saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, yaygın varyantlar, bozukluğun altında yatan genetik değişikliklerin yalnızca bir kısmını açıklayabilmektedir. Bu nedenle araştırmacılar, nadir varyantların şizofreni kalıtımında bilinen kısmın dışında kalan kısmını açığa çıkartmakta faydalı olabileceğini öne sürmektedirler. Bu yazıda erken başlangıçlı ve tedaviye yüksek dirençli şizofreni tanısı konulan, eşlik eden hafif zihinsel yetersizliği ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanıları olan 20 yaşında bir erkek hastanın sunulması ve olgunun etiyolojisinde rol oynayabilecek bazı nadir genetik varyantların tartışılması planlanmıştır. Olgu, klozapin tedavisi başlanması için hastaneye yatırılmış ve makrosefali, yüksek damak, belirgin alın, işitme azlığı ve hiperpigmente cilt lezyonları nedeniyle genetik bölümüne danışılmıştır. Genetik bölümü tarafından yapılan tüm ekzom dizi analizinde Kabuki Sendromu ile ilişkilendirilmiş KMT2D (NM_003482.4) geni 15. ekzonunda 4168G>A(p.Ala1390Thr) varyantı heterozigot olarak, ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics) 2015 sınıflandırma kılavuzuna göre klinik önemi bilinmeyen varyant olarak saptanmıştır. KMT2D’deki varyantların normal beyin gelişimi ile ilişkili olduğu ve şizofrenide rol oynayabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda sunulan olguda tespit edilen genetik varyantlar ile şizofreni arasındaki ilişki alan yazın bilgisi dâhilinde tartışılmıştır.
c.4168G>A(p.Ala 1390Thr) Variation in KMT2D Gene Detected in an Ultra-treatment-resistantSchizophrenia Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Schizophrenia has a multifactorial etiology with a significant genetic component. Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in candidate genes. However, the common variant can only account for a portion of the genetic variation underlying the disorder. Therefore, researchers suggest that rare variants may be one source of missing heritability in schizophrenia. We report the case of a 20-yearold male patient diagnosed with early-onset and ultra-treatmentresistant schizophrenia and mild intellectual disability and discuss certain rare genetic variants that may be involved in the etiology. He was hospitalized for the initiation of clozapine treatment and was referred to the department of genetics because he had macrocephaly, high arched palate, a prominent forehead, hearing impairment, and hyperpigmented skin lesions. The whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a heterozygous 4168G>A(p.Ala1390Thr) variant in exon 15 of KMT2D (Lysine N-Methyltransferase 2D) (NM_003482.4) gene, which is associated with Kabuki syndrome. The variants in KMT2D have been reported to be associated with brain development and may play a role in schizophrenia. We discussed the relationship between schizophrenia and genetic variants detected in this case in light of the literature.

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