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Yıl:1995; Cilt: ; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Anksiyete Monografları Serisi; 1995;(2):45-54
Anksiyetenin Psikodinamik Etiyolojisi
A Çevik, VD Volkan
Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
Anksiyete kavramı ve bu kavramın nasıl geliştiği, Freud'un bu konudaki ilk açıklamalarından başlayarak ele alınmıştır. Anksiyetenin gelişiminin yanı sıra dinamik anlamda nasıl geliştiği yazımızın içinde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Örneğin Freud önceleri dört çeşit anksiyeteden söz etmiş olmasına karşın 1926'daki yazısında sözünü ettiği mazokizmden korku ile ilgili beşinci tür anksiyeteyi eklemiştir. Psikodinamik olarak anksiyetenin etyolojisi veya kaynağı Freud'dan sonra çeşitli değişikliklerle gelişme göstermiştir. Nitekim A. Freud 1936'da altıncı anksiyete türünü tanımlamıştır. Dezintegrasyon korkusu ile ilgili olan bu anksiyete daha çok puberte döneminde hissedilmektedir. Anksiyete ile ilgili yeni gelişmeler özellikle Hartmann'ın ayrışmamış matriks kavramını psikanalitik literatüre kazandırmasıyla olmuştur. Hartmann'ın bunun yanı sıra ego ve self kavramlarını birbirinden ayırarak bunların nasıl geliştiğini açıklamaya çalışmasıyla anksiyetenin gelişimine de ışık tutulmuştur. Nesne ilişkileri kuramı ile anksiyetenin çağdaş psikanalitik görüşle daha sofistike bir şekilde açıklanması mümkün olmuştur. Çağdaş nesne ilişkileri kuramının görüşleri ışığında anksiyetenin en basit ve ilkel düzeyden en yüksek ve sofistike düzeye kadar varan bir hiyerarşi içinde incelenebileceği anlaşılmıştır. Tüm bu gelişmeler anksiyetenin iyi anlaşılması, yorumlanması ve tedavisi için önemli pencerelerin açılmasını sağlamıştır

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