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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 60; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2023;60(3):223-230
COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu Sonrası Yeni Tanılı Tümefaktif Lezyon ve Multipl Skleroz
T Erdoğan , B Koçer , S Şen , B Petek Balcı , M Terzi
Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun Multıpl Skleroz (MS) benzeri tümefaktif demiyelinizan lezyon geliştiren longitudinal uzanımlı transvers myelit (LETM) ve yeni tanılı MS prezentasyonunda paraenfeksiyöz veya postenfeksiyöz etkilerini tanımlamak ve bunun mevcut belirtiler, radyolojik ve beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) bulguları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amaçlandı. Yöntem: Mayıs-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında üç farklı MS merkezinde, beş olguda oro-nazofarengeal örneklemede ve bir olguda beyin omurilik sıvısında (BOS) SARS-CoV-2 PCR pozitifliği saptanmış olan semptomatik SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu sonrası ilk santral sinir sistemi (SSS) demyelinizasyon atağı gelişen veya agreve olan altı olgu tanımlandı. Olguların belirtileri, radyolojik ve BOS bulguları incelendi. Sonuç: 24 yaşında bir kadın, yeni gelişen açık halka şeklinde contrast tutulumlu tümefaktif demiyelinizan lezyon (TDL) ile birlikte COVID-19 ile ağırlaşan LETM ile başvurdu. Dört hastaya McDonald 2017 kriterlerine göre ilk MS atağı ve bir hastaya klinik izole sendrom tanısı konuldu. SARSCoV-2 enfeksiyonu ile klinik semptomların başlangıcı arasındaki süre 4–93 gün arasındaydı. Bütün vakalarda beyin sapı ve spinal kord tutuluşu dikkat çekici idi. Bu durum, COVID-19 enfeksiyonundan sonra merkezi sinir sistemi (MSS) demiyelinizan hastalığın orta düzeyde aktivitesini desteklemektedir. Tartışma: SARS-CoV-1 ile ilgili olarak viral replikasyonun gecikmiş otoreaktif T-hücre yanıtına sebep olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu immün yanıt nöroenflamasyon, demyelinasyon ve aksonal hasara sebep olabilmektedir. SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu MSS’e olfaktör bulbus yolu ile girerek demyelinasyonunu tetikleyebilir ya da agreve edebilir. Bu vaka serisi göz önüne alındığında aktif demiyelinizasyonun hastalık sonrası ilk üç ay içerisinde geliştiği görülmektedir. Bu durum enfeksiyona kadar sessiz kalan hastalık sürecinin COVID-19’dan sonra manyetik rezonans görüntülemedeki (MRG) lezyonların tetiklenmesi veya agreve edilmesiyle birlikte belirtilerin ortaya çıkması ile açıklanabilir. Sonuç olarak, bu bildiride SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun farklı hastalık seviyelerinde serebral ve spinal kord demiyelinizasyonunu tetikleyebileceğini vurgulamayı amaçlıyoruz.
Newly Diagnosed Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion and Multiple Sclerosis After COVID-19Infection
Introduction: To describe the parainfectious or postinfectious effects of COVID-19 infection on the first demyelinating presentation of Multiple Sclerosis and tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL) developing with Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM). Methods: We present six patients who presented with a first CNS demyelination event or whose demyelinating lesions had aggravated after COVID-19 infection between May and December 2020. Nasopharyngeal swab SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity was detected in five cases and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR was positive in one. The symptoms, neurological signs, radiological and CSF findings of the cases were examined. Results: A 24-year-old woman presented with LETM aggravated by COVID-19, accompanied by a newly developed open-ring enhanced TDL. Four patients were diagnosed with the first presentation of MS, and one presented with clinically isolated syndrome according to the McDonald 2017 criteria. The interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the onset of clinical symptoms ranged from 4–93 days. All of the cases present with pyramidal or brain stem findings and have high brain and/or spinal MRI load. This suggests the moderate activity of CNS demyelinating disease after COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Based on this case series, all these first demyelinating events suggested that COVID-19 infection might trigger or exacerbate CNS demyelinating disease. SARS-CoV-2 plays a role in the clinical onset of Multiple Sclerosis. Active delayed demyelination developed within the first three months. This can be explained by COVID-triggered neuroimmune response that had been latent, and the initiation of the active disease process began with triggering or aggravation of the lesions in MRI. Multiple Sclerosis should be maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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