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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 11; Sayı: 28>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2023;11(28):242-267
Özgül Öğrenme Bozukluğunun Nöropsikolojik Değerlendirmesinde Dikkat, Bellek Ve Yürütücü İşlevlerin Rolü
SF Gürsoy, G Erden, C Çelik
. Beykoz Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Özgül Öğrenme Bozukluğunun (ÖÖB) değerlendirilmesinde dikkat, bellek ve yürütücü işlevlerin değerlendirilmesi özellikle bilgiyi işleme modelinde çocukların sorun yaşadıkları alanlara ilişkin daha ayrıntılı bilgiler sunmaktadır. Türkiye’de ÖÖB tanılı çocukların dikkat, bellek ve yürütücü işlevlerini değerlendirme konusunda alanyazında çok fazla çalışmaya rastlanmaması söz konusu çalışmanın planlanmasında ve bu konuda alana katkı sağlamada yol gösterici olmuştur. Alanyazındaki kısıtlılıktan yola çıkılarak mevcut çalışmada ÖÖB tanılı çocuklar ile sağlıklı çocuklardan oluşan grubun dikkat, bellek ve yürütücü işlevleri açısından karşılaştırma yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 45 ÖÖB tanılı, 33 normal gelişim gösteren çocuk alınmıştır. Tanı grubu ve karşılaştırma grubunda yer alan çocuklara ÖÖB Klinik Gözlem Bataryası, California Sözel Öğrenme Testi–Çocuk Sürümü (CSÖT-Ç), Stroop Testi TBAG Formu ve Wisconsin Testi (WCST) uygulanmıştır. Gruplar arasındaki puanları karşılaştırmak için Mann Whitney U testi analizi ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmek için de korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda iki grup arasında uygulanan testlerin alt boyutlarından elde edilen puanlarda anlamlı düzeyde farklılık olduğu saptanmıştır. Stroop testinin özellikle okuma hızını değerlendiren alt boyutunda iki grup arasında belirgin bir farklılaşma olduğu görülmüş ancak dikkat değerlendirmesi açısından anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmaya rastlanmamıştır. CSÖT-Ç kısa süreli bellek değerlendirmesine ilişkin alt puanlarda iki grup arasında anlamlı farklılaşma gözlenmiştir. Öte yandan ÖÖB tanılı gruptaki çocukların kısa süreli bellek işlevlerinde daha düşük puan aldıkları saptanmıştır. Yürütücü işlevleri değerlendirmek amacıyla çalışmada kullanılan Wisconsin testi alt puanları karşılaştırıldığında, karşılaştırma grubunda yer alan çocukların daha iyi performans gösterdikleri görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, ÖÖB tanısı alan çocukların dikkat, bellek ve yürütücü işlevler açısında normal gelişen çocuklara göre performanslarının çok daha düşük olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgular ÖÖB tanılı çocuklarda özellikle dikkat, bellek ve yürütücü işlevlere odaklanmanın yararlı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
The Role of Attention, Memory, and Executive Functions in the Neuropsychological Assessment of SpecificLearning Disorder
The evaluation of attention, memory and executive functions in the evaluation of Special Learning Disorder (SLD) provides more detailed information about the areas where children have problems, especially in the information processing model. There are not many studies in the literature on assessing attention, memory and executive functions of children with SLD in Turkey. The aim of this study is to comparison attention, memory process and executive functions between group with SLD and comparison group. The sample of the study consists of 45 children with SLD and 33 healthy children. SLD Clinical Observation Battery (SLD-CO Battery), California Verbal Learning Test- Children Version, Stroop Test TBAG Form and Wisconsin Test used for all groups in the study. Mann Whitney U test analysis were used to compare scores of the two groups and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to reveal the relationships between the variables. The results of the analysis assessed and determined significant differences between subscores of the tests. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the two groups, especially in the sub-dimension of the Stroop test that evaluates reading speed, but no significant difference was found in terms of attention assessment. In California Verbal Learning Test’s subscores which especially assesses short term memory, the children with SLD had significantly lower scores from comparison group. In Wisconsin test which assessed executive function of children in this study, the scores shown that the comparison group had better performance than children with SLD. As a result, it has been revealed that the performance of children diagnosed with SLD is much lower in terms of attention, memory and executive functions compared to children with normal development. Findings suggest that it may be beneficial to focus especially on attention, memory and executive functions in children diagnosed with SLD.

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