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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Uyku Tıbbı Dergisi; 2023;10(3):187-191
Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromunda Otonom Disfonksiyon ve Enflamasyon
Bölük, Gülçin Benbir Şenel*, Derya Karadeniz
C Bölük, G Benbir Şenel, D Karadeniz
Amaç: Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS), kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini artırmaktadır. Bu artışta otonom disfonksiyon ve enflamasyonun önemli rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Kalp hızı değişkenliği (KHD) analizi ile otonom disfonksiyonun non-invaziv olarak tespiti mümkündür. Kan hücrelerinin sayı ve dağılımı da enflamasyonun önemli belirteçlerinden kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, OUAS’li hastalarda KHD ile hemogram parametreleri incelenmiş, aralarındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2019-2021 yılları arasında, bir gece polisomnografi (PSG) kaydı yapılan ve eş zamanlı hemogram parametreleri mevcut olan tüm hastaların verileri gözden geçirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm hastalara KHD analizi yapıldı. Hastalarda demografik, klinik ve PSG parametreleri ile KHD ve hemogram parametreleri arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak incelendi. Hastalar apne hipopne indeksi (AHİ) ≥15/sa ve AHİ <15/sa olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı ve parametreler karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Toplam 321 hasta (210 erkek, 111 kadın) çalışmamıza dahil edildi. Yaş ortalaması 54,8±16,1 yıl idi. Enflamasyon göstergeleri olarak kabul edilen lökosit sayısı, hemoglobin, hematokrit ve nötrofil sayısı AHİ ≥15/sa grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla; p=0,015; p=0,040; p=0,019 ve p=0,012). KHD parametrelerinden düşük frekans gücü/yüksek frekans gücü (LF/HF) oranı, AHİ >15/sa olan hastalarda 3,1 iken, AHİ <15/sa grubunda 2,1 idi ve orta-ağır OUAS grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p=0,012). LF/HF oranı ile nötrofil sayısı, lökosit sayısı ve nötrofil/lenfosit oranı arasında anlamlı korelasyon tespit edildi (sırasıyla; r=0,201; p=0,005 ve r=0,165; p=0,020 ve r=0,189; p=0,008). Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile OUAS’li hastalarda enflamasyon artışı ve sempatovagal dengedeki bozulmanın varlığı bir kez daha gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda farklı olarak otonom disfonksiyonun, enflamasyon artışı ile korelasyonu dikkati çekmiştir ve bu durum OUAS’nin önemli bir komplikasyonu olan sempatik fonksiyon bozukluğunda, enflamasyonun primer bir rol üstlenmiş olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Autonomic Dysfunction and Inflammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Autonomic dysfunction and inflammation are thought to play an important role in this increase. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis provides noninvasive detection of autonomic dysfunction. The number and distribution of blood cells are also considered important markers of inflammation. In this study, HRV and hemogram parameters were examined in patients with OSAS, and the relationship between them was investigated. Materials and Methods: The data of all patients who had overnight polysomnography (PSG) recording and hemogram parameters between 2019 and 2021 were reviewed. HRV analysis was performed on all patients included in the study. Along with demographic and clinical characteristics, the relationship between PSG parameters, HRV, and hemogram parameters was statistically analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as apnea hypopnea index (AHI) =15/hr and AHI<15/hr, and the parameters were compared. Results: A total of 321 patients (210 men, 111 women) were included in this study. The mean age was 54.8±16.1 years. The white blood cells count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, and neutrophil count, which are considered as indicators of inflammation, were significantly higher in the AHI =15/hr group (p=0.015; p=0.040; p=0.019 and p=0.012, respectively). Among the HRV parameters, the median low-frequency component power / high-frequency component power (LF/HF) ratio was 3.1 in patients with AHI>15/hr, while it was 2.1 in the AHI<15/hr group and was significantly higher in the moderate-severe OSAS group (p=0.012). A significant correlation was found between the LF/HF ratio and neutrophil count, leukocyte count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (r=0.201; p=0.005 and r=0.165; p=0.020 and r=0.189; p=0.008). Conclusion: In this study, the presence of increased inflammation and deterioration in sympathovagal balance in patients with OSAS has been demonstrated once again. The correlation of autonomic dysfunction with increased inflammation has been noted for the first time, suggesting that inflammation may play a primary role in sympathetic dysfunction, which is an important complication of OSAS.

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