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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi; 2023;10(1):57-82
Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Düzeyi ile Savunma Biçimleri Arasındaki İlişkide Bağlanma Boyutlarının Düzenleyici Rolü
T Sezer, A Sapancı, T Bayram Kuzgun
Düzce Üniversitesi, Düzce
Bu çalışmada çocukluk çağı ruhsal travmaları ile savunma mekanizmaları arasındaki ilişkide bağlanma biçimlerinin düzenleyici rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan, yaşları 18-65 arasında değişen 338 kadın ve 245 erkek olmak üzere toplam 583 kişi oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeği, Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği ve Savunma Biçimleri Testi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Korelasyon analizi ve çoklu hiyerarşik lineer regresyon kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, fiziksel ihmalin matür, nevrotik ve immatür savunma tarzlarını yordadığı; duygusal ihmalin matür ve nevrotik savunma biçimlerini, cinsel istismarın ise matür savunma biçimini yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bağlanma boyutları ile savunma biçimleri arasındaki ilişkilerde, güvenli bağlanmanın matür ve nevrotik savunma biçimlerini yordadığı; kaçınmacı bağlanmanın matür, nevrotik ve immatür savunmaları, kaygılı-kararsız bağlanmanın ise nevrotik ve immatür savunmaları yordadığı bulunmuştur. Düzenleyici etki analizi sonuçlarında ise, çocukluk çağı ruhsal travmaları ile nevrotik savunma ve matür savunma biçimlerini kullanma düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide bağlanma boyutlarının düzenleyici bir etkisinin olmadığı, buna karşılık duygusal istismar ile immatür savunma biçimini kullanma arasındaki ilişkide kaçınan bağlanmanın, fiziksel ihmal ile immatür savunma biçimini kullanma arasındaki ilişkide kaygılı-kararsız bağlanmanın düzenleyici etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bir başka ifade ile duygusal istismara maruz kalmış bireyler eğer kaçınmalı da bağlanırlarsa immatür savunma biçimlerini kullanma düzeyleri daha da artmaktadır. Fiziksel ihmale maruz kalan bireyler kaygılı-kararsız bağlanırlarsa immatür savunma biçimlerini daha çok kullanmaktadır.
This study investigated the moderating role of attachment styles in the relationship between childhood psychological traumas and defense mechanisms. The correlational survey model was used in the research. The participants of the study consisted of a total of 583 individuals, 338 women and 245 men, aged between 18-65, reached using convenience sampling method. Childhood Psychological Trauma Scale, Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale, and Defense Styles Test were administered as data collection tools. Pearson Correlation analysis and multiple hierarchical linear regression were used in the analysis of the data. Results indicated that physical neglect predicted mature, neurotic and immature defense styles; emotional neglect predicted mature and neurotic defense styles and sexual abuse predicted mature defense styles. Results regarding the relationships between attachment dimensions and defense styles indicated that secure attachment predicted mature and neurotic defense styles; avoidant attachment predicted mature, neurotic, and immature defenses and anxious/ambivalent attachment predicted neurotic and immature defenses. Results regarding the moderating effect analysis, it was found that attachment dimensions did not have a moderator effect on the relationship between childhood psychological traumas and the level of using neurotic defense and mature defense styles. By contrast, the avoidant attachment was found to have a significant effect on the relationship between emotional abuse and use of immature defense style, and between physical neglect and use of the immature defense style. It was determined that anxious-ambivalent attachment had a moderating effect in the relationship. In other words, if individuals who have been exposed to emotional abuse become avoidant and attached, their level of using immature defense styles increases. Individuals exposed to physical neglect use immature defense styles more if they are anxious-ambivalent.

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