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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 10; Sayı: 26>> Özet
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Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2022;10(26):603-619
İnme Geçiren Kişilerin Psikolojik Sıkıntılarına Yönelik Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi Müdahalelerinin İncelenmesi: Sistematik Gözden Geçirme
B D Akgün, G Dirik
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
İnme sonrasında kişiler çeşitli psikolojik sıkıntılar yaşayabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle bu sıkıntılara yönelik birçok psikolojik müdahale geliştirilmiş ve uygulanmaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi (BDT) teknik ve yöntemlerini içeren yaklaşımlar en sık uygulanan müdahaleler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı alan yazında inme sonrası yaşanan psikolojik sıkıntılara yönelik BDT müdahalelerini içeren araştırmaları gözden geçirmektir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarında bulunan İngilizce ve Türkçe makaleler belirlenen anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak, tarih kriteri olmadan taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda dahil etme kriterlerine uygun 11 müdahale çalışması; uygulama içeriği, örneklem, yöntem, kontrol grubu ve bulgular açısından incelenmiştir. İncelenen araştırmaların çoğunda kontrol gruplarının olduğu ancak örneklemde az kişinin yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Müdahale süreleri 6 ile 16 seans arasında değişkenlik gösterirken, BDT’nin hem davranışçı hem de bilişsel pek çok tekniğinin uygulandığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalarda müdahalelerin yorgunluk, uykusuzluk, kaygı ve depresif belirtiler üzerindeki etkilerinin incelendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular incelendiğinde, araştırmaların çoğunda BDT temelli müdahalelerin uygulandığı inme geçiren kişilerin depresyon, kaygı, uykusuzluk, yorgunluk düzeylerinde, müdahale sonrası ölçümlerinde başlangıç ölçümlerine göre anlamlı şekilde azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak depresif belirtilere odaklanan üç çalışmada müdahalenin etkili olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bazı araştırmalarda ise, izlem ölçümleri söz konusu iyileşmelerin uzun süre korunamadığını göstermiştir. İnme sonrası yaşanan psikolojik problemlerde görece yeni uygulanmaya başlanan BDT temelli müdahaleler, önümüzdeki dönemlerde standart tedavilere eklenerek alternatif ve etkili bir tedavi olarak yerini alacak gibi gözükmektedir.
Examination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Interventions for Psychological Distress of People with Stroke: Systematic Review
After stroke, people may experience various psychological difficulties. Many psychological interventions have been developed for these problems. The most frequently applied interventions include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques and methods. The aim of this study is to review the literature on CBT interventions for post-stroke psychological distress. Both English and Turkish articles from national and international databases are searched by filtering specified keywords without time criteria. As a result, 11 intervention studies in accordance with the inclusion criteria examined in terms of intervention content, sampling, method, control group type, findings. In most of studies, it can be seen that; few persons are included in the sample, most of them already had a control group, both behavioral and cognitive techniques of CBT are applied in 6 to 16 sessions and the effects of interventions on anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue and insomnia were observed. In most of the studies observed that there were significant improvements in depression, anxiety, insomnia and fatigue levels compared to the initial measurements on stroke patients who received CBT-based intervention. However, three studies which are focusing on depressive symptoms showed that the intervention was not effective. Some studies have also indicated that observed improvement cannot be maintained for a long time as a result of follow-up measurements. In the future, CBT-based interventions are likely to be an alternative and effective treatment in the treatment of post-stroke psychological problems by adding them to standard treatments.

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