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Yıl:2023; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi; 2023;7(1):75-89
Kadınsılık-erkeklik algısının beden algısı ve yeme tutumları arasındaki aracı rolü
F M Uluyol
Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya
Son yıllarda yeme bozuklukları oranının hızla artmasında Batı kültürü etkisinde şekillenen ulaşıl- ması zor ideal beden normlarının etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu normların cinsiyete özgü ol- duğu, kadınlarda zayıf olma, erkeklerde ise kaslı olma arzusunun beden memnuniyetsizliğini art- tırdığı düşünülmektedir. Batı kültüründe bu normlara daha fazla maruz kalındığı için kadınsılığın ve erkeksiliğin ideal beden özellikleri üzerinden yansıtıldığı düşünülmektedir. Fakat son yıllarda iletişim araçları, medya gibi faktörler nedeniyle cinsiyete özgü bu ideal beden normlarının diğer kültürlerde de beden memnuniyetsizliğini arttırdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada bu görüşü test etmek için ilişkili özerk benlik yapısına sahip Türkiye popülasyonunda cinsiyete özgü beden mem- nuniyetsizliği ve yeme tutumları arasındaki ilişkide yaşanılan kültüre göre şekillenen kadınsılık- erkeksilik algısının aracılık etkisi Process Makro analiziyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya 430 kadın ve 414 erkek katılmıştır. Ölçüm araçları Ben-Tovim Walker Beden Tutum Ölçeği (BTWBTÖ), Ka- dınlığa Dair Düşünceler Ölçeği (KDDÖ), Erkeklere Özgü Beden Tutum Ölçeği (EBÖBTÖ), Er- keklik Rol Normları Ölçeği (ERNÖ) ve Yeme Tutum Testidir (YTT). Bulgulara göre kadınlarda zayıf olma, erkeklerde kaslı olma arzusu arttıkça beden memnuniyetsizliği artmaktadır. Kadınlarda kadınsılık normlarına bağlılık arttıkça beden memnuniyetsizliği ve yeme tutumlarındaki bozulma- lar artmaktadır. Erkeklerde ise erkeklik normlarına bağlılık arttıkça beden memnuniyetsizliği ve yeme tutumlarındaki bozulmalar artmaktadır. Kadınlarda cinsiyet rol normlarının aracı etkisi bulu- namazken, erkeklerde erkeklik normlarının beden memnuniyetsizliği ve yeme tutumları arasında düşük etkide aracılık etkisi bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak cinsiyete göre ideal beden özellikleri fark- lılaşmakta ve buna bağlı olarak da yeme bozukluğu gelişme riski değişmektedir.
The mediator role of femininity-masculinity perceptions between body perception and eating attitudes
It is thought that ideal body norms which is shaped under the influence of Western culture are effective in rapid increase in the rate of eating disorders in recent years. Body norms are gender specific and it is thought that the desire to be thin in women and to be muscular in men increases body dissatisfaction. As these norms are more exposed in Western culture, it is claimed that femi- ninity and masculinity norms over the body are reflected through ideal body characteristics. How- ever, in recent years, it is thought that these ideal body norms specific to gender, due to factors such as communication tools and media, increase body dissatisfaction in other cultures. In this study, in order to test this view, in the Turkish population the mediation effect of femininity-masculinity perception in the relationship between gender-specific body dissatisfaction and eating attitudes was investigated with Process Macro Analysis. The study was carried out with 430 females and 414 males between the ages of 18 and 26 years. In this study, Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitude Scale, Feminine Thoughts Scale, Male-Specific Body Attitude Scale, Masculinity Role Norms Scale, and Eating Attitude Test were administered to the participants. According to the findings, as the desire to be thin in women and desire to be muscular in men increased, body dissatisfaction also increased. As adherence to norms of femininity in women and masculinity norms in men increased, body dissatisfaction and deterioration in eating attitudes also increased. The mediating effect of gender role norms was not found in women. A low mediation effect of masculinity norms was found be- tween body dissatisfaction and eating attitudes in men. As a result, ideal body characteristics changed according to gender and according to the level of adherence to gender norms, the risk of developing an eating disorder changed.

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