Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2004; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Kriz Dergisi; 2004;12(3):39-52
İntihar Davranışında Risk Faktörleri
İM Atay, D Gündoğar
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Psikiyatri ABD
İntihar ve intihar girişimleri tüm dünyada en önemli ölüm ve morbidite nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Ülkemizde de son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda, özellikle genç nüfusta intihar hızlarında artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. İntihar davranışını anlama ve engellemede, risk faktörlerinin yanı sıra koruyucu tedavi stratejileri belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Kompleks bir davranış biçimi olması nedeniyle intihar davranışında biyopsikososyal bir yaklaşım gerekmektedir. Başta duygudurum bozuklukları olmak üzere psikiyatrik bozukluklar, intihar davranışında major risk faktörlerinden olması ile birlikte ek risk faktörlerinin bu süreçte etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. İntihar davranışını tanımlama veya yordama ile ilişkili olarak birçok model öne sürülmüştür. Bu modellerden biri olan stres-diatez modelinde kalıcı (trait-dependent) ve durumsal (state-dependent) özelliklerin önemi ve psikiyatrik hastalıklar da dahil olmak üzere, psikososyal streslerle karşılaşıldığında intihar davranışı ile tepki vermenin, altta yatan bir yatkınlık ya da diatez ile açıklanabileceği üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu derlemede biyo-psikososyal etkenler, psikiyatrik bozukluklarla ilişkili faktörler, stres-diatez modeli, intihar davranışında olumsuz bilişsel yapılanmalar ve intihar davranışını engellemeye yönelik girişimler ile koruyucu faktörler gözden geçirilmiştir
Risk Factors in Suicide Behaviour
Suicide and suicidal attempts are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. In recent studies, an increase has been shown in suicide rates especially for young population in our country. In order to understand and prevent suicidal behavior, pre¬ventive treatment strategies and risk factors are being investigated. Since suicidal behavior involves a complicated multifactorial process, a biopsychosocial approach is necessitated. Although psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders are considered to be the most important risk factors, it is thought that additional risk factors also play an important role in the process. Several models are proposed for defining and predicting suicidal behavior. In stress-diathesis approach, which is one of the most widely accepted models, state and trait dependent characteristics are emphasized and it is claimed that even in the presence of a psychiatric disorder, to react with suicidal behavior may be related to an underlying predisposition or diathesis. In other words, stress-diathesis model tries to explain why one person commits suicide during a depressive episode and another does not. In this paper preventive measures for suicidal behavior, specific risk factors related to psychiatric disorders, biopsychosocial factors, cognitive and stress-diathesis models for suicide are discussed

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