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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 29; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2022;29(3):137-145
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yaygın Gözlenen Ruhsal Bozuklukların ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
C E Cengiz, A Topuzoğlu
Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul
Amaç: On beş-yirmi beş yaş dilimi ruhsal bozuklukların başlangıç zamanı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, bir üniversite kampüsünde seçilmiş ruhsal hastalıkların yaygınlığının ve ilişkili risk faktörlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul’da bir üniversitede öğrenim görmekte olan lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktır. Farklı fakültelerdeki 345 öğrenci çok aşamalı tabakalı rastgele örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak sistematik olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkenleri; depresyon, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu (YAB), bipolar bozukluk (BPB) ve psikotik belirti varlığıdır. Ruhsal bozukluklar Uluslararası Bileşik Tanı Görüşmesi (Composite International Diagnostic Interview) ve DSM-5 yönelimli tanısal görüşme formu kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin, %30,1’inde depresyon, %25,2’sinde yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, %9,0'unda bipolar bozukluk, %2,9’unda psikotik belirti varlığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 20,4±1,6 yıldır. Lojistik regresyon analizi sonrasında; ailede özel eğitime muhtaç birey varlığı depresyon açısından 14 kat [14,0, %95 güven aralığı (GA); 1,1-176,9]; toplum tarafından dışlanan aileye sahip olmak psikotik belirti varlığı açısından 16 kat (16,0, %95 GA; 1,3-15,1) daha riskli bulunmuştur. Alkol kullanım sıklığı ile bipolar bozukluk arasında ilişki gösterilmiştir. Kişilik özellikleri, kadın cinsiyet ve annede ruhsal sorun varlığı gibi değişkenlerin ruhsal bozukluklarda risk artışına sebep olabileceği görülmüştür. Sonuç: Ruhsal bozuklukların üniversite öğrencilerinde görülme sıklığı yüksektir. Ruhsal sorunların oluşmasında birçok faktörün rolü bulunmaktadır. Ruhsal bozukların erken tanınması, etkin kontrol ve müdahale çalışmalarının yapılması oldukça değerlidir
Evaluation of Common Mental Disorders and Affecting Factors in University Students
Objectives: Considering the onset of mental disorders, the age range of 15-25 is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of selected mental illnesses on a university campus. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The population of the study consists of undergraduate students studying at a university in Istanbul. Three hundred forty-five students systematically selected by population weighting method were included from different faculties. Dependent variables of the study are depression, generalized anxiety, bipolar disorder and presence of psychotic symptoms. Mental disorders were evaluated using the composite international diagnostic interview and the DSM-5 oriented diagnostic interview form. Results: 30.1% of the students had depression, 25.2% had generalized anxiety disorder, %9.0 had bipolar disorder and 2.9% had psychotic symptoms. The mean age of the participants is 20.4±1.6 years. According to the logistic regression analysis, having a family member with special educational needs increased the risk of depression 14 fold [14.0, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.1-176.9]; having a family excluded by society increased the risk of psychotic symptoms by 16 fold (16.0, 95% CI; 1.3-15.1). It has been shown that there is a relationship between the frequency of alcohol use and bipolar disorder. Variables such as personality traits, female gender, and having a mother with mental health problems may increase the risk of mental disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental disorders in university students is high. Many factors play a role in the formation of mental problems. Early recognition of mental disorders and effective control and intervention studies are very valuable.

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