Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2023; Cilt: 30; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2023;30(2):97-100
Nörogelişimsel Bozukluklar ve Duyusal İşlemleme
F Türer , S Köse
Çorlu Devlet Hastanesi, Tekirdağ
Duyusal işlemleme beynin dokunsal, görsel, işitsel, koku, tat, vestibüler, proprioseptif ve interoseptif duyular aracılığıyla aldığı uyarıları koordine edip bütünleştirmesi ve uygun yanıtlar oluşturması şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Sağlıklı bireylerde duyusal işlemleme özelliklerinde kişilerarası farklılıklar görülebilirken bazı psikopatolojilerde duyusal profilde özgün farklılıklar ve duyusal işlemleme sorunlarıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu başta olmak üzere dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, zihinsel yetersizlik, tik bozukluğu ve Tourette sendromu gibi birçok nörogelişimsel bozuklukta (NGB) duyusal işlemleme ile ilgili farklılıklar ve bu farklılıklarla ilişkili klinik durumlar mevcuttur. Bu yazıda NGB'de duyusal işlemleme ile ilgili çalışmalar gözden geçirilerek derlenmiştir. Çalışmaların sonuçlarına göre NGB’de duyusal işlemle ile ilgili farklılıklar ve sorunlar eşlik ettiğinde semptom şiddeti, komorbiditeler, uyum davranışları, işlevsellik, günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ve aktivitelere katılım etkilenmektedir. Duyusal işlemleme sorunlarının temelinin periferik ve santral duyusal sistemlerdeki farklılıklara dayandığı düşünülürken nörofizyolojik ve nörogörüntüleme çalışmalarıyla bu sorunların altındaki mekanizmalar açıklanmaya ve aydınlatılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda temel mekanizmaların somatosensöriyel inhibisyon, duyusal kapılama, çoklu duyusal bütünleştirme kusurları ve gama aminobütirik asit konsantrasyonundaki farklılıklarla ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. NGB’de duyusal işlemlemeye yönelik artan sayıda güncel çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu alanda daha fazla sayıda nörofizyoloji ve nörogörüntüleme teknikleriyle desteklenen randomize kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Duyusal özelliklerin eşlik ettikleri NGB’nin klinik semptomlarıyla ilişkili olması nedeniyle çocuk ve gençlerin klinik değerlendirilmesinde ve tedavi programlarında bu özelliklerin göz önünde bulundurulması önem kazanmaktadır
Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Sensory Processing
Sensory processing is defined as the coordination and integration of the sensory inputs received by the brain through the tactile, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, vestibular, proprioceptive and interoceptive senses, and generating appropriate responses. Although interpersonal differences in sensory processing exist among healthy individuals, specific differences in sensory profile and sensory processing problems are encountered in some of the psychopathologies. Variations in sensory processing and associated clinical conditions are present among many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including principally autism spectrum disorder and others such as attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, tic disorder and Tourette’s syndrome. In this article, studies on sensory processing in NDDs are reviewed. According to studies; symptom severity, comorbidities, adaptive behaviors, functionality, daily life activities, and participation in activities are associated with sensory processing differences and difficulties in NDDs. The sensory processing difficulties are posited to be based on differences in the activity of peripheral and central sensory systems. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies have tried to explain and enlighten the mechanisms underlying these problems. In this context, the main mechanisms are thought to be related to somatosensory inhibition, sensory gating, multiple sensory integration defects, and differences in gamma aminobutyric acid concentrations. There have been an increasing number of recent studies on sensory processing in NDDs. In this field, further randomized controlled studies supported by neurophysiological and neuroimaging techniques are needed. Due to the relationships between sensory processing features and the clinical symptoms of NDDs that they accompany, those features should be borne in mind in clinical evaluations and in treatment programs of children and adolescents.

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