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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 14; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar; 2022;14(4):570-579
Türkiye’de Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Çocukla Yürütülen Adli Görüşmenin Güvenilirliği
G Orhan, G Erden
Jandarma ve sahil güvenlik akademisi, Ankara
Çocuğun cinsel istismarı davalarında bazen tek delil, mağdur çocuğun beyanı olabilmektedir. Mağdur çocuğu ön planda tutarak ikincil travmalar yaşamalarının önüne geçmek için titiz ve dikkatli bir şekilde yönetilmesi gereken cinsel istismar mağduru çocukla adli görüşmenin eğitimli profesyonellerce yürütülmesi Türkiye’de yakın zamanlı bir olgudur. Çocuk izlem merkezleri ve adli görüşme odaları, cinsel istismar mağduru çocuklarla adli görüşme gerçekleştirilen oluşumlardır. Bu yazıda, cinsel istismar mağduru çocukla yürütülen adli görüşmelerin güvenilirliği, özellikle çocuk izlem merkezi modelindeki uygulamalar temelinde aktarılmıştır. Buradan hareketle öncelikle, çocuk cinsel istismarının Türk hukukundaki yeri ve bu konudaki kurumsal uygulamalar ile kurumlar arası koordinasyonun öneminden söz edilmiştir. Ardından adli görüşmenin, mağdur çocuk ile yürütülen soruşturma açısından önemi hakkında bilgi verilerek adli görüşme sürecinin temel bileşenleri sıralanmıştır. Sonrasında dünyada yaygın şekilde kullanılan başlıca adli görüşme protokollerinin özelliklerinden bahsedilip mağdur beyanının güvenilirliğine ve güvenilirliği etkileyen unsurlara değinilmiştir. Son olarak, Türkiye’de adli görüşme uygulamalarını içine alan sistemde karşılaşılan aksaklıklar ve bunlara yönelik öneriler değerlendirilmiştir. İlgili yazın ışığında aktarılan öneriler; adli görüşmelerin ortak bir görüşme protokolü çerçevesinde gerçekleşmesi, adli görüşmeci süpervizyon eğitimlerinin sıklaştırılması ve zorunlu hale getirilmesi, çocukla adli görüşme eğitimlerine Cumhuriyet savcısı, hâkim, kolluk görevlisi ve çocuk koruma sisteminde görev alan profesyonellerin de katılım sağlaması ve adli görüşmenin güvenilirlik değerlendirmesinde tüm faktörlerin dikkate alınmasıdır.
Reliability of Forensic Interview with Child Victims of Sexual Abuse in Turkiye
Sometimes the only evidence in child sexual abuse cases may be the declaration of the victim child. It is only recent phenomenon in Turkey that forensic interviews with child victims of sexual abuse prioritize the child victims and they are administered in a careful and delicate way that would not cause secondary traumatization, and they are conducted by professionals educated. Child advocacy centers and forensic interview rooms are formations where forensic interviews are conducted with children who are victims of sexual abuse. In this article, reliability of forensic interviews conducted with sexually abused child victims are covered on the basis of practices in child advocacy centers. From this point of view, the place of child abuse in Turkish law, institutional practices on this issue and the importance of coordination among institutions are mentioned. Subsequently, the importance of forensic interview for the investigation conducted with the child is explained, and basis components of the forensic interview process are listed. Afterwards, the characteristics of widely used protocols for forensic interviews in the world are mentioned and the reliability of victim’s statement effect and elements affecting the trustworthiness are touched upon. Last, the failures experienced in the system which includes forensic interviews in Turkey and suggestions to remedy these are assessed. Forensic interview should be done within the framework of a joint meeting protocol, increasing the frequency of forensic interviewer supervision training and making it compulsory, public prosecutor, judge, law enforcement officer and professionals working in the child protection system should also participate in the training of forensic interview with the child and consideration of all factors in the reliability evaluation of the forensic interview has been the suggestions conveyed in the light of the relevant literature.

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