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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 59; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2022;59(4):338-341
Adölesan Bir Otoimmün Ensefalit Vakasında Kalıcı Dil Fonksiyon Bozukluğu
GG Akay
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Pediatrik ve ergen popülasyonunda, otoimmün ensefalit (AE), dil becerilerinin kaybıyla birlikte bilişsel gerileme dâhil olmak üzere çok çeşitli semptomlarla ortaya çıkabilir. AE’deki yüksek prevalansına rağmen, dilsel işlevler kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılmamıştır. Olgu: Önemli bir premorbid öyküsü olmayan ve okul başarısı normal olan 12 yaşında bir kız çocuğu ateş, aşırı uyku, gece miyoklonisi ve davranış değişiklikleri ile başvurdu. Nörolojik muayenesi normal olmasına rağmen, psikiyatrik değerlendirmede öfori, hafif irritabilite ve görsel halüsinasyonlar saptandı. Kraniyal MRG normaldi, beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) analizinde protein konsantrasyonu ve lenfosit sayısında artış ve EEG’de diffüz yavaş dalgalar görüldü. Anti-nöronal antikor taraması sonucunda serumda glutamik asit dekarboksilaz (GAD) antikoru saptandı. İmmünoterapiyi takiben, tüm nörolojik ve davranışsal semptomlar ortadan kalktı. Bununla birlikte, hasta okul performansında önemli bir kötüleşmeden mustaripti. Psikiyatrik değerlendirmede hastanın depresif bozukluğu olduğu belirlendi. İzlemin 10. ve 18. ayında yapılan zekâ değerlendirmesine yönelik testlerde zekâ geriliğini işaret eden düşük puanlar saptandı. Dilsel değerlendirme, tüm alanlarda, özellikle de semantik işlevlerde bozulma gösterdi. Sonuç: Olgumuz, nörolojik muayene ve beyin MRG bulguları bulguları normal, tedaviye yanıtlı ve hastalık seyri nispeten hafif olan hastalarda bile AE’nin kalıcı bilişsel işlev bozukluğuna ve dil bozukluğuna neden olabileceğini vurgulamaktadır.
Permanent Impairment of Language Functions in an Adolescent Case of AutoimmuneEncephalitis
Introduction: In pediatric and adolescent population, autoimmune encephalitis (AE) may present with a wide variety of symptoms including cognitive regression accompanied with loss of language skills. Despite its high prevalence in AE, linguistic functions have not been investigated in extensive detail. Case: A 12-year-old girl with no significant premorbid history and normal school performance presented with fever, hypersomnia, nocturnal myoclonus and behavioral changes. Although neurological examination was normal, psychiatric evaluation revealed euphoria, mild irritability and visual hallucinations. Cranial MRI was normal, whereas cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed elevated protein concentration and lymphocyte count and electroencephalogram (EEG) showed diffuse slow waves. A panel for anti-neuronal antibodies demonstrated glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies in the serum. Following immunotherapy, all neurological and behavioral symptoms vanished. However, the patient suffered from significant worsening of school performance. Psychiatric evaluation revealed severe depression. Assessment of intelligence done on the 10th and 18th month of follow-up yielded significantly low scores at mental retardation level. Linguistic assessment showed significant impairment in all domains but especially in semantics. Conclusion: Our case emphasizes the fact that AE may cause permanent cognitive dysfunction and language impairment even in patients with normal MRI/neurological examination findings and relatively mild treatment-responsive disease course

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