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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 59; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2022;59(4):330-337
Telomerler ve Psikolojik Stres: Psikopatolojilere Bakış
AB Varol, EC Esen, EE Koçak
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Telomerler, kromozomların uçlarında bulunan ve moleküler saat gibi iş görerek hücrelerin çoğalma kapasitesini belirleyen özel DNAprotein kompleksleridir. Son araştırmalar, prenatal dönemden başlayarak insanın yaşamı boyunca maruz kaldığı stresin birçok hastalığın erken yaşta ortaya çıkmasına neden olduğuna ve bu süreçte telomerlerin olası aracılar olabileceklerine işaret etmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, strestelomer-hastalık üçlüsü arasındaki ilişkiyi ve telomer işlev bozukluğunun psikopatolojilerdeki olası rolünü güncel literatür bilgisi ışığında derlemektir. Yöntem: Öyküsel bir derleme doğrultusunda, PubMed ve Web of Science veritabanları kullanılarak konu ile ilgili, başlangıçtan Ocak 2022’ye kadar yayımlanan tüm makale türlerini içerecek şekilde literatür taraması yapıldı. Tam metin ve İngilizce olarak erişilebilen makaleler, başlık/özet taramasından sonra, temel bulgular, hipotezi test etmek için kullanılan yöntemin uygulanabilirliği, kısıtlılıklar, sonuçların yorumlanması ve sonuçların alandaki etkileri bakımından değerlendirilerek toplam 73 kaynak seçildi. Bulgular: İleri yaşta görülme sıklığı artan kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, tip 2 diyabet gibi bazı kronik hastalıkların depresyon, bipolar bozukluk, şizofreni gibi psikopatolojilerde genel topluma göre daha sık ve erken yaşta görülmesi bu bozuklukların birer erken yaşlanma sendromu olduğunu desteklemektedir. Literatürde bazı çelişkili sonuçlar mevcut olsa da bu hipotezle uyumlu biçimde, söz konusu psikopatolojilerde bildirilen kısalmış telomerler ve yaşam boyu maruz kalınan stresin bu süreçteki etkisi dikkat çekicidir. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulguların çoğu olası bir ilişkiye işaret ediyor olsa da nedensellik hakkında fazla bilgi vermemektedir. Bu nedenle, psikolojik stres, kısalmış telomerler, erken yaşlanma ve psikiyatrik bozukluklar arasındaki ilişkinin altında yatan biyolojik süreçlerin aydınlatılması önem taşımakta ve hücresel seviyede gerçekleştirilecek ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Telomeres and Psychological Stress: Perspective on Psychopathologies
Introduction: Telomeres are specialized DNA-protein complexes located at the ends of all chromosomes and act as a “molecular clock” to determine the replicative lifespan of the cells. Recent studies indicate that life-long exposure to stress, starting from the prenatal period, causes many diseases to emerge at an early age, and telomeres may be possible mediators in this process. This article aims to review the relationship between the stress-telomere-disease triad and the potential role of telomere dysfunction in psychopathologies in the light of current literature. Methods: A literature examination was conducted along the lines of a narrative review. PubMed and Web of Science databases were used to identify all types of articles published from inception to January 2022. After the title/abstract search, articles available in full text and English were selected based on key findings, the applicability of the method used to test the hypothesis, limitations, interpretation of the results, and impact of the results in the field. A total of 73 records were included in this narrative review. Results: The fact that some age-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, are seen more frequently and at an earlier age in certain psychopathologies including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia suggests that these disorders are premature ageing syndromes. Although there are some conflicting results in the literature, in line with this hypothesis, the presence of shortened telomeres reported in these psychopathologies and the impact of lifelong exposure to stress on this process are remarkable. Conclusion: Many of the studies point to an association and do not tell much about the causality. Hence, the elucidation of the biological processes underlying the relationship between psychological stress, dysfunctional telomeres and complex, common age-related diseases, as well as psychiatric disorders is important and further studies are needed at the cellular level.

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