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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 59; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2022;59(4):296-302
Neonatal Hipogliseminin Sonucu Olarak Tipik Beyin Hasarı Görüntüleme Özellikleri Olan Hastaların Nörogelişimsel Sonuçları
İGY Karaman, T Gündüz, CY Kaçar
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Ağırlıklı olarak parieto-oksipital bölgeleri etkileyen neonatal hipoglisemiyle ilişkili tipik hasar paterni birçok çalışmada tanımlanmıştır. Şiddetli neonatal hipoglisemik ensefalopatinin uzun vadeli nörolojik sekelleri; gelişimsel gerilik, mikrosefali, öğrenme güçlüğü, davranış sorunları, görme bozukluğu ve epilepsiyi içerir. Bu çalışma, çocuk nörolojisi polikliniğimize farklı nörolojik şikâyetler nedeniyle başvuran ve neonatal hipoglisemi ile ilişkili parieto-oksipital beyin hasarı olan çocukların nörogelişimsel sonuçlarını bildirmektedir. Yöntem: Kocaeli Üniversitesi Hastanesi Pediatrik Nöroloji Bölümünde 2007–2015 yılları arasında takip edilen olguları retrospektif olarak inceledik. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemede (MRG) tipik neonatal hipoglisemi paterni ile uyumlu olarak parieto-oksipital hasarı olan olgular (n=42) değerlendirildi. Hipoglisemisi belgelenmiş olan hastalar (n=21) bu çalışmaya dâhil edildi. On iki saatten uzun süren ve tekrarlayan hipoglisemi atakları olan hastalar (n=9) uzamış hipoglisemi olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: On bir olguda (%52,4) yenidoğan döneminde nöbet öyküsü mevcuttu. İzlemde 18 olguda (%85,7) epilepsi, sekiz olguda (%38,1) ise tedaviye dirençli epilepsi gözlendi. Dokuz olguda (%42,9) mikrosefali, yedi olguda (%33,3) serebral palsi tespit edildi. Uzamış hipoglisemisi olan olgularda MRG’de parieto-oksipital tutulum ve spastisite oranı; istatistiksel olarak yüksek saptandı (p<0,01). İki hastada otistik özellikler, dört hastada (%19) dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu gözlendi. VEP (görsel uyarılmış potansiyel) testi 21 hastanın 18’inde yapılabildi, tüm hastalarda VEP sonuçları anormal olarak değerlendirildi. Sonuç: Neonatal hipoglisemi yaşayan olguların her zaman erken dönemde belgelenemediğini düşünmekteyiz. Hipoglisemi açısından risk altında olan ve hipoglisemi semptomları olan olgular, uzun vadede gelişebilecek epilepsi, serebral palsi, görme bozuklukları gibi nörogelişimsel sorunları önlemek için uygun şekilde tedavi edilmelidir.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Patients with Typical Imaging Features of Injury as a Resultof Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Introduction: Previous reports described a pattern of hypoglycemiainduced damage predominantly affecting the parieto-occipital regions. The long-term neurological sequelae of severe neonatal hypoglycemic encephalopathy include developmental delay, poor head growth, learning or behavioral difficulties, visual impairment, and epilepsy. This study reports neurodevelopmental outcome of children with neonatal hypoglycemiaassociated parieto-occipital brain injury who were evaluated in our pediatric neurology outpatient clinic for different neurological complaints. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who were followed at Kocaeli University Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department between 2007 and 2015. Patients (n=42) with predominately parieto-occipital lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the typical pattern of neonatal hypoglycemia were evaluated. Patients with documented hypoglycemia (n=21) were included in this study. Patients (n=9) with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia longer than 12 hours were evaluated as prolonged hypoglycemia. Results: Eleven patients (52.4%) experienced seizures in the neonatal period. Eighteen patients (85.7%) developed epilepsy during the followup. Refractory seizures were observed in 8 patients (38.1%). Nine patients (42.9%) manifested microcephaly, seven patients (33.3%) manifested cerebral palsy. Parieto-occipital involvement and the spasticity rate were statistically high in patients with prolonged hypoglycemia (p<0.01). Two patients had autistic features and four patients (19%) had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. VEP studies could be performed in 18 of 21 patients. All patients had abnormal VEP results. Conclusion: We are of the opinion that most patients of neonatal hypoglycemia are not always documented. Patients under risk and patients with symptoms of hypoglycemia should be vigorously screened and treated to prevent neurologic impairments including cerebral palsy, epilepsy and visual disturbance.

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