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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 59; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2022;59(2):133-138
Türk Sağlık Çalışanlarının Covid-19 Pandemisine Psikolojik Tepkileri: Damgalanmanın Etkisi
R Taşdelen, B Ayık, H Kaya, M Ercis, E Ertekin
Marmara Üniversitesi , İstanbul
Amaç: Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) pandemisi, özellikle sağlık çalışanları gibi riskli koşullarda çalışan kişilerde belirgin ruhsal sıkıntıya neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki sağlık çalışanlarının COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında yaşadığı psikolojik zorlukları incelemeyi ve damgalamanın etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmada katılımcılara sosyodemografik bilgilerini, çalışma koşullarına ilişkin endişelerini ve algıladıkları damgalanmayı değerlendiren bir anket çevrimiçi olarak uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların ruhsal sıkıntıları Depresyon Kaygısı ve Stres Ölçeği-21 (DASS-21) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: 634 katılımcı anketi tamamlamış olup, orta ile şiddetli depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle ilişkili semptomların yaygınlığı sırasıyla %36, %35 ve %22 olarak bulunmuştur. Kadın olmak, COVID-19 hastalarıyla yakın temas halinde çalışmak ve daha önce bir psikiyatrik hastalık geçirmiş olmak ruhsal sıkıntı için risk faktörleriydi. Daha az kişisel koruyucu ekipmana sahip olduğunu, yöneticilerinden daha az destek aldığını ve çalışma koşullarının daha güvensiz olduğunu ifade eden sağlık çalışanlarının depresyon, anksiyete ve stres puanları önemli ölçüde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ek olarak, katılımcıların %7’si aileleri ve yakın arkadaşları tarafından, %14’ü komşuları, akrabaları ve daha az yakın arkadaşları tarafından ve %7’si tanıdık olmayan kişiler tarafından damgalandıklarını hissettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Başkalarınca daha çok dışlandığını düşünen sağlık çalışanları, önemli ölçüde daha yüksek depresyon ve anksiyete puanlarına sahipti. Sonuç: Çalışmamız, sağlık çalışanlarının bulaşıcı salgınlar sırasında psikolojik rahatsızlıklar geliştirme riski altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Pandeminin sağlık çalışanları üzerindeki psikolojik etkilerini en aza indirmek için daha önce ruhsal hastalık geçirmiş olma, güvensiz koşullarda çalışma ve damgalama gibi risk faktörleri dikkate alınmalı, ayrıca sağlık çalışanları için destekleyici ve daha güvenli bir çalışma ortamı sağlanmalıdır
Psychological Reactions of Turkish Healthcare Workers During Covid-19 Outbreak: The Impact of Stigmatization
Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in huge psychological distress, especially for people working under risky conditions, such as healthcare workers. We aimed to investigate the psychological challenges of Turkish healthcare workers during the outbreak and discuss the factors that increase their burden, including stigmatization. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey composed of sociodemographic data, questions about perceived stigma, and concerns about working conditions was completed. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was also used. Results: 634 participants completed the survey and the prevalence of moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress-related symptoms were 36%, 35%, and 22%, respectively. Being female, working with close contact with patients with COVID-19 and having a psychiatric disorder history were risk factors for psychological distress. The healthcare workers with significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores described having less amount of personal protective equipment, lower support from their supervisors, and more unsafe working conditions. Additionally, 7% of the participants stated that they perceived stigmatization by their families and close friends, 14% perceived stigmatization by their neighbours, relatives, and less intimate friends; and 7% perceived stigmatization by unfamiliar people. Healthcare workers who perceived other people as more dismissive had significantly higher depression and anxiety scores. Conclusion: Our study shows that healthcare workers are at risk of developing psychological disturbances during infectious outbreaks. To minimize the psychological impact, additional risk factors such as having a previous psychiatric disorder, working under unsafe conditions, and stigmatization should be taken into account and a more supportive and safer environment should be provided.

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