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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Uyku Tıbbı Dergisi; 2022;9(2):95-114
Santral Nedenli Hipersomnilere Klinik Yaklaşım ve Ayırıcı Tanı
A K Ak, A Ş Sarıtaş, Y İnalkaç Gemici, H Yılmaz
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Manisa
Hipersomni ve gündüz aşırı uykululuk, uyku tıbbı ile uğraşan hekimlerin sıklıkla karşılaştıkları durumlardır ve uyku hastalıkları ile ilişkili sık görülen belirtiler olmalarına rağmen göz ardı edilebilmektedirler. Toplumumuzda bir süre devam eden uyku yoksunluğunun sebep olabileceği gündüz aşırı uykululuğun normal görülme eğilimi hipersomni ile seyreden hastalıkların tanınmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Hipersomni, gündüz aşırı uykululuk ve/veya aşırı uyku ihtiyacı veya artan uyku miktarı için kapsamlı bir tanım olarak kullanılmaktadır. Klinik pratikte; geceleri uzamış uyku süreleri, her yerde ve kolayca uykuya dalma, tekrarlayan uyku atakları ve gündüz aşırı uykulu olma hali ile karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hipersomni, uyku bozuklukları başta olmak üzere nörolojik ve metabolik hastalıkların belirtisi olabilmekte ya da madde, ilaç kullanımı veya travmaya bağlı ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Gün içinde ortaya çıkan uyku atakları, kişilerin akademik veya mesleki performansının etkilenmesine, bilişsel fonksiyonların ve sosyal ilişkilerinin bozulmasına ayrıca yaşamı tehdit eden trafik veya iş kazalarının ortaya çıkmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Kişilerin yaşam kalitesinde önemli ölçüde bozulma meydana getiren bu belirtinin incelenmesi, neden olan hastalıkların tanı ve tedavisi önemlidir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısı ile hipersomniye neden olan uyku hastalıklarının epidemiyolojik, patofizyolojik, klinik açıdan ele alınması, tedavisi ve ayırıcı tanıda önemli olan noktaların vurgulanması planlanmıştır.
Clinical Approach Hypersomnia of Central Origin and Differential Diagnosis
Hypersomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness are commonly encountered by physicians dealing with sleep medicine. Although these are common symptoms associated with sleep disorders, they can be ignored. The tendency of excessive daytime sleepiness, which might be caused by sleep deprivation that continues for a while in our society, makes it difficult to diagnose diseases with hypersomnia. Hypersomnia is used as a comprehensive definition for excessive daytime sleepiness and/or excessive need for sleep or increased amount of sleep. Clinically, it presents with prolonged sleep times at night, falling asleep easily and everywhere, recurrent sleep attacks, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Hypersomnia can be either a symptom of neurological and metabolic diseases, especially sleep disorders, or develop due to substance, drug use, and trauma. Sleep attacks occurring during the day can affect individuals’ academic or professional performance, disrupt their cognitive functions and social relations, and cause life-threatening traffic or work accidents. It is crucial to examine this symptom, which causes a significant deterioration in the quality of life of people, and to diagnose and treat the diseases causing it. This review article plans to address the epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical aspects of sleep disorders that cause hypersomnia, treatment and emphasize the critical points in the differential diagnosis.

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