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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Current Addiction Research; 2021;5(2):35-42
Sigara Bağımlılığının Farmakolojik Tedavisi
T Şengezer, C Aslan
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Ankara
Nikotin bağımlılığı tedavi edilmesi gereken kronik bir hastalıktır. Farmakoterapi, kullanılmaması gereken bir durum yoksa bırakmaya istekli ve kabul eden her hastaya başlanmalıdır. Çalışmalar farmakoterapinin bırakma oranlarını plaseboya göre anlamlı ölçüde arttırdığını göstermektedir. Nikotin replasman tedavisi (NRT), Bupropiyon ve Vareniklin birinci basamak tedavilerdir. Bunlardan herhangi bir tanesi ilk seçeneğimiz olabilir. Birinci basamak tedaviler etkinliği kanıtlanmış, yan etki açısından güvenilir ve onaylanmış tedavilerdir. Sigara bağımlılığı tedavisinde farmakoterapiye bilişsel davranışçı terapilerin eklenmesi ile başarı oranları yükselmektedir. Günümüzde NRT için kullanılan nikotin formları; sakız, nazal sprey, pastil, inhaler ve nikotin bandıdır. Ülkemizde ise yalnızca transdermal bant ve sakız formları bulunmaktadır. Nikotin bantları bizim önereceğimiz şekilde sabit bir dozda kullanılırken diğer tüm nikotin formları hastanın ihtiyacı olduğunda kullanılmaktadır. Nontrisiklik, aminoketon bir antidepresan olan bupropiyon, yoksunluk bulgularından olan depresif semptomlara ve iştah artışına özellikle olumlu etki göstermektedir. Vareniklin doğada bulunan bir alkoloid olan sistisin bitkisinin yapısının modifikasyonu ile geliştirilmiştir. α4β2 reseptörleri uyararak nikotinik agonist etkileri ile nucleus accumbensden dopamin salınımını sağlar. Böylece nikotin yoksunluk semptomlarını azaltır. Vareniklinin kontraendike olduğu çok az durum vardır. Diğer ilaçlarla etkileşim konusunda güvenilirdir. Kombinasyon tedavileri ile başarı oranları artmaktadır.
Pharmacological Treatment of Nicotine Addiction
Nicotine addiction is a chronic disease that needs to be treated. Pharmacotherapy should be started the patients who voluntarily quit unless there is a situation that is not acceptable to use. Researches are shown that pharmacotherapy significantly increases the dropout rate according to placebo. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), Bupropion, and Varenicline are the primary care treatments. Any of these could be our first choice. Primary care treatments are proven efficacy, reliable, and approved treatments in terms of side effects. Cognitive behavioral therapy was added to pharmacotherapy and that increases the success rate in nicotine dependence treatment. Currently, the forms of nicotine for NRT are chewing gum, nasal spray, lozenge, inhalers, and nicotine patches. In our country, there are only the forms of transdermal patches and chewing gum. While nicotine patches are used as we recommend, all of the other nicotine forms are used by when the patients need them. Bupropion, a nontricyclic aminoketone antidepressant, has a particularly positive effect on depressive symptoms and increased appetite, which are among the withdrawal symptoms. Varenicline was developed by modifying the structure of the plant cystisine, an alkaloid found in nature. By stimulating a4ß2 receptors, it provides dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens with its nicotinic agonist effects. T hus, it reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms. There are very few situations where varenicline is contraindicated. It is safe in interaction with other drugs. Success rates increase with combination therapies.

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