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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Current Addiction Research; 2021;5(1):5-15
Obezite, Yeme Bağımlılığı ve Duygusal Şiddet Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
NS Tınkır, G Eryılmaz
Üsküdar Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Obezite tüm dünya çapında salgına varan niteliğiyle hâlihazırdaki en büyük sağlık problemlerinden biri olarak nitelenmektedir. Günümüzde coğrafi yerleşim, etnik köken ya da sosyoekonomik durumlardan ayrı bir biçimde her yaş ve cinsiyette de obezite görülme sıklığı yükselmiştir. Her alanda olduğu gibi gıda endüstrisinde de gıdaların lezzetini arttırmak amacıyla icra edilen besin modifikasyonları kişilerin duygu durumlarında ve beslenme alışkanlıklarında değişikliklere neden olabilmektedir. Obeziteye neden olan ve bireylerin sosyal yaşamları duygu durumları ve genel psikopatolojilerinde olumsuz sonuçlara yol açan yeme bağımlılığı, gıdalara yönelik hedonik cevapta değişiklikler ve kilo almaya bağlı olarak çok sayıda kronik hastalığa da neden olmaktadır. Her ne kadar günümüzde obezite ile mücadelede obezite cerrahisi bir çözüm yolu olarak gözükse etiyolojine bakıldığında çok karmaşık bir kompleks yapı barındırmaktadır. Altta yatan bağımlılık durumu bazen diyetlerin ve ameliyatlarında netice vermemesine neden olmaktadır. Amaç: Obez bireylerin yeme bağımlılığı, yeme davranışı ve duygusal şiddete maruz kalma düzeyleri ile ilişkili olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Yöntem: Araştırma, İstanbul’da özel bir obezite kliniği merkezine gelen ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden kişilerle yapılmıştır. Betimsel nitelikte olan bu çalışmada etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra demografik soru formu, Yale Yeme Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Duygusal Şiddete Maruz Kalma Ölçeği ve Hollada Yeme Davranışı Anketi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil olan 256 bireyin duygusal şiddete maruz kalma düzeylerinin düşük ve %34'ünün yeme bağımlısı olduğu, cinsiyetlerine göre ise yeme davranışlarında farklılık olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. BKİ değerlerinin duygusal şiddete maruz kalmaları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmazken, Yeme Bağımlılığı oranlarına bakıldığında BKİ’si 2529,99 olan preobezlerin %5,7’si, 3034,99 obezlerin %15’i, 3539,99 II. derece obezlerin %41,3’ü, 40 ve üstü morbid obez bireylerin de YB oranlarının %38 olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 3539,99 II. düzey obez olan bireylerin 3034,99 I. düzey obez olan bireylerden daha fazla duygusal yeme düzeyine sahip olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Kısıtlayıcı yeme davranışı ile yeme bağımlılığı arasında ilişki bulunmazken, duygusal yeme davranışı ile yeme bağımlılığı arasında negatif bir korelasyon olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç: Yeme bağımlılığı durumunun özellikle preobez grupta da görülmesi kilonun miktarı ile değil fizyolojik olarak bireylerdeki bağımlılık durumu ile açıklanabildiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca duygusal yeme davranışı ile yeme bağımlılığı arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki olması da bağımlılığın yine fizyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi ve bu grup bireyin de aynı davranışsal bağımlılıklardan kumar bağımlılığı gibi tedavi prosedürüne alınması gerektiğini bizlere göstermektedir
Examination of the Relationship Between Obesity, Eating Addiction and Emotional Violence
Obesity is described as one of the biggest health problems currently, with its worldwide epidemic nature. Today, the prevalence of obesity has increased in all ages and genders, apart from geographical location, ethnicity or socioeco-nomic status. As in every field, nutritional modifications carried out to increase the taste of foods in the food in-dustry can cause changes in people's mood and eating habits. Food addiction, which causes obesity and leads to negative consequences in the social life, mood and general psychopathology of individuals, also causes many chronic diseases due to changes in hedonic response to food and weight gain. Although obesity surgery seems to be a solution in the fight against obesity today, it has a very complex complex structure when its etiology is considered. The underlying addiction situation sometimes causes diets and surgeries to fail. Objective: ITo determine whether obese individuals are associated with food addiction, eating behavior and exposure to emoti-onal violence. Method: The research was conducted with people who came to a private obesity clinic in Istanbul and agreed to participate in the study voluntarily. In this descriptive study, demographic questionnaire, Yale Eating Addiction Scale, Exposure to Emotional Violence Scale and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were applied after obtaining ethics committee approval. Results: It was concluded that the 256 individuals included in the study had low levels of exposure to emotional violence and 34% were addicted to food, and there was no difference in their eating behaviors according to their gender. While BMI values do not have a significant effect on their exposure to emotional violence, when the rates of Eating Addiction are examined, 5.7% of the preobese with a BMI of 25-29.99, 15% of the 30-34.99 obese, 35-39.99 II . It was concluded that the rate of ED was 41.3% of degree obese and 38% of morbidly obese individuals 40 and over. 35-39.99 II. It has been found that individuals with level 1 obese have higher emotional eating level than individuals with level I obese 30-34.99. While there is no relationship between restrictive eating behavior and food addiction, there is a negative correlation between emotional eating behavior and food addiction. Conclusion: It is seen that the fact that food addiction is also observed in the pre-obese group can be explained not by the amo-unt of weight, but by the physiological dependence of the individuals. In addition, the negative relationship between emotional eating behavior and food addiction shows us that addiction should be evaluated physiologically and this group of individuals should be included in the treatment procedure from the same behavioral addictions as gamb-ling addiction.

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