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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 4; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Humanistic Perspective; 2022;4(2):249-264
Merhametin Üç Yönelimi ile Tanımlanması
Ö Çevik
Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Van
Duygular insan ilişkilerinin geliştirilmesinde ve sürdürülmesinde kilit bir role sahiptir. Sevgi, saygı, hoşgörü gibi diğer duygularla ilişkili olan merhamet duygusu da insan ilişkilerindeki etkisi yadsınamaz düzeydedir. Literatürde pek çok tanımı bulunan merhametin üç farklı yönelimi vardır. Bunlar, kendine merhamet, başkasına merhamet ve başkasından gelen merhameti kabul etme. Merhametin tanımlaması bu üç kavramının tanımlamasını içerir. Çünkü merhametle ilgili yapılan tanımlamalar bu üç yönelimden biriyle ilgilidir. Fakat merhamet tek bir yönüyle tanımlandığında eksik ve yetersiz bir kalır. Dolayısıyla bir kişinin, merhametli olarak nitelendirilebilmesi için hem kendine karşı merhametli olmalı hem bir başkasına karşı merhametli olmalı hem de başka bir insandan kendisine yönelin merhameti kabul edebilmelidir. Fakat merhametten söz edildiğinde insanların aklına genellikle merhametin tek bir yönelimi gelir, bir başkasına karşı duyulan merhamet. Merhamet ile ilgili çalışmalara bakıldığında genelde merhametin sadece bu yönü ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca son dönemlerde, genellikle öz şefkat olarak adlandırılan ve kişinin kendine yönelen merhameti ifade eden kendine merhamet de çalışmalarda yer almaktadır. Oysa merhametin bir başka yönelimi daha vardır. Bu da başkasından gelen merhamettir. Merhameti değerlendirirken bu üç yönelimiyle ele almak gereklidir. Bu yüzden bu çalışmada merhamet kavramı ve merhamet yönelimi ulaşılan kaynaklar doğrultusunda betimlenmiştir.
Compassion is Defined According to Its Three Domains
Emotions play a key role in the development and maintenance of human relationships. Compassion, relating to other emotions such as love and tolerance, has an undeniable effect on human relations. Compassion having many definitions in the literature, has three different domains. These are compassion for self, for others and from others. Compassion must be defined according to three concepts. Because compassion’s definitions are related to one of these three domains. But when compassion is defined in a single aspect, it is incomplete and insufficient. Therefore, in order for a person to be characterized as compassionate, he should be compassionate to himself, to others, and to accept compassion towards from others. But when compassion is mentioned, people remember only, compassion for others, but not for self and from others. When we look at the studies on compassion, only this domain of compassion is generally considered. In addition, lately, self-compassion, which expresses compassion towards one's self, has also been included in the studies. However, compassion has another domain. This is compassion from others. Evaluating compassion, it is necessary to consider these three domains. Therefore, in this study, the concept of compassion and compassion domains are described in line with the available sources.

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