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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 42; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2022;42(2):397-426
Gelişimsel Niş Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin I ̇ncelenmesi
E Şener, G Yüceol, B Aytaç, AVA Bayraktar, Z Çakmak, SÇ Yağız
Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir
Yaşam boyu gelişim sürecini birey-bağlam etkileşimine odaklanarak incelemeyi amaçlayan güncel psikolojik çalışmalar için gelişimsel niş kavramı ve bu kavramın farklı psikolojik değişkenlerle ilişkisini değerlendirmek önemlidir. Ulusal alanyazında aile ortamını ve ilişkilerini değerlendirmek için kullanılan ölçüm araçları incelendiğinde, bireyin içinde yaşadığı aile bağlamının özelliklerini ve gelişimsel niş yapısını değerlendiren bir ölçüm aracına ihtiyaç olduğu görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda mevcut araştırmanın amacı, Narvaez ve arkadaşları (2016b) tarafından geliştirilen, bireyin 18 yaşına kadar içinde yaşadığı aile bağlamını değerlendiren Gelişimsel Niş Ölçeği’ni (GNÖ) Türkçeye uyarlamak ve psikometrik özelliklerini incelemektir. Ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlaması iki farklı çalışma temelinde yürütülmüştür. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve geçerlik analizlerinin yürütüldüğü ilk çalışmada örneklem, 224’ü kadın (%71.3), 90’ı erkek (%28.7) 314 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 20.63’tir (SS = 1.99). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ise ikinci çalışma kapsamında yürütülmüştür. İkinci çalışmanın örneklemi, 271’i kadın (%82.9), 56’sı erkek (%17.1) 327 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 20.86’dır (SS = 2.65). Ölçek orijinalinde 20 maddeden oluşmaktadır ve tek faktörlü bir yapıya sahiptir. Bulgular, ölçeğin Türkçe formunun 19 madde ve dört faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, GNÖ’nün yapı geçerliğini sınamak için, Aile İklimi Ölçeği, Ebeveyn-Çocuk İlişkisi ve Aile Çevresi Kaos Ölçeği kullanılarak farklı yapılarla ilişkileri incelenmiştir. GNÖ ile bu yapılar arasındaki korelasyonların ağırlıklı olarak orta düzeyde olması ölçeğin yapı geçerliğine yönelik kanıt sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, GNÖ’nün iç tutarlık katsayıları tüm ölçek için .90, faktörler için .67 ile .83 arasında değişmektedir. Sonuç olarak, mevcut çalışmanın bulguları bu ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu yönünde kanıtlar sunmuştur. Bu doğrultuda mevcut araştırmanın gelişimsel niş kavramının çalışılabilmesi için işlevsel bir ölçme aracının uyarlanmasıyla ulusal alanyazına katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Adapting the Evolved Developmental Niche History to Turkish and Investigating Its Psychometric Properties
Having studies that emphasize the mutual relations between individuals and contexts in lifespan development evaluate the concept of developmental niche and its associations with different constructs is important. The scales that evaluate the family environment in the Turkish literature were examined, and a need has been observed for a scale that assesses the characteristics of the family context and developmental niche. For this aim, this study intends to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Evolved Developmental Niche History (EDNH), a measure developed by Narvaez et al. (2016b). The study has been conducted in two parts to assess the EDNH’s psychometric properties. The first part of the study conducts exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and validity analyses. The sample includes a total of 314 university students, 224 (71.3%) of whom are female and 90 (28.7%) who are male. The participants’ mean age is 20.63 years (SD = 1.99). The second part of the study conducts a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) over a sample consisting of 327 participants, of whom 271 (82.9%) are female and 56 (17.1%) are male. The participants’ mean age is 20.86 years (SD = 2.65). The scale originally consisted of 20 items with one factor. The findings reveal the scale to have 19 items and four factors in the Turkish sample. The relationships the EDNH has with the Family Climate Scale (Gönu¨l et al., 2018); the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Aytaç et al., 2018); and the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (Methany et al., 1982) were examined to test the construct validity. The correlations between these scales and the EDNH were mainly moderate. These results support the construct validity. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha for the overall EDNH is .90 and ranges from .67 to .83 for each of the factors. As a result, the findings from the present study provide evidence that this scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. The adaptation of this scale is thought to be able to contribute to the Turkish literature for studying the concept of developmental niche.

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