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Yıl:2022; Cilt: 23; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2022;23(3):369-376
Edebiyatta Alkol ve Madde Kullanımının Fenomenolojik Betimlemeleri
D Aksoy
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Amaç: İnsan deneyimlerinin edebi olarak ifade edildiği anlatılarda insanlık tarihi kadar uzun bir geçmişi olan alkol ve madde kullanımı yazarların yapıtlarında kaleme aldığı ilgi çekici deneyimlerden biri olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı alkol ve madde deneyiminin dolaylı olarak sunulduğu söz konusu metinlerde yer alan fenomenolojik betimlemelerin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Araştırmada öncelikle alkol ve madde kullanımının edebiyattaki görünümleri, fenomenolojik betimlemenin ne demek olduğu ve edebi anlatıların fenomenolojik bakışta nasıl konumlanabileceği hakkında çalışmanın hedefine göre çerçevelenmiş literatür bilgisi sunulmuştur. Sonrasında fenomenolojik olarak değerlendirmek üzere De Quincey’in Bir Afyon Tiryakisinin İtirafları, Baudelaire’in Şarabın Şiiri Esrarın Şiiri, London’ın Bir Alkoliğin Anıları, Svevo’nun Cömert Şarap, Bulgakov’un Morfin, Simmel’in Acı Yudum ve Benjamin’in Esrar Üzerine adlı yapıtlarından alıntılar yapılmıştır. Alkol ve madde kullanımının edebi yapıtlardaki tezahürlerine dikkat çekmek amacıyla incelenen fenomenolojik betimlemelerden Colaizzi’nin fenomenolojik analiz stratejisine göre temalar oluşturulmuş; bu temaları içeren betimlemeler de maddelerin türüne göre viski, şarap, esrar, afyon, morfin ve kokain alt başlıklarında kategorize edilerek tartışılmıştır. Bulgular: Fenomenolojik betimlemelerin analizi sonucunda edebi yapıtlarda alkol ve madde kullanımıyla ilgili ortaya çıkan temalar alkol/madde kullanım nedenleri, alkol/madde etkisindeki deneyimler, alkole/maddeye atfedilen anlamlar ve alkol/madde kullanımını sonlandırma isteği olmuştur. Sonuç: Adsız Alkolikler toplantılarındaki katılımcıların anlatım tarzında olan bu ifadelere Husserl’in fenomenolojik yaklaşımıyla bakmamız, alkol ve madde kullanımına ve bağımlılığa dair hali hazırda olan düşüncelerimizi bir yana bırakıp bu deneyimin deneyimleyen özneye nasıl göründüğünü anlamamızda işlevsel bir yaklaşım sunması düşünülmüştür.
Phenomenological Descriptions of Alcohol and Substance Use in Literature
Objective: Alcohol and substance use, which has a history as long as human history in the narratives in which human experiences are expressed literary, has also been one of the interesting experiences written by the authors in their works. The aim of this study is to examine the phenomenological descriptions in the texts in which the alcohol and substance experience is indirectly presented. Method: In the research, first of all, the literature information about the appearance of alcohol and substance use in literature, what phenomenological description means and how literary narratives can be positioned in phenomenological perspective, framed according to the aim of the study, is presented. Afterwards, in the study, De Quincey’s Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, Baudelaire’s La Paradise Artificials, London’s John Barleycorn: Alcoholic Memoirs, Svevo’s Generous Wine, Bulgakov’s Morphine, Simmel’s To the Bitter End and Benjamin’s On Hashish excerpts have been taken from their works. In order to draw attention to the manifestations of alcohol and substance use in literary works, themes were created according to Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis strategy from the phenomenological descriptions; descriptions containing these themes were also categorized and discussed under the sub-headings of whiskey, wine, cannabis, opium, morphine and cocaine according to the type of substances. Results: As a result of the analysis of phenomenological descriptions, the themes related to alcohol and substance use in literary works were the reasons for alcohol/substance use, experiences under the influence of alcohol/substance, the meanings attributed to alcohol/substance, and the desire to end alcohol/substance use. Conclusion: It is thought that we look at these expressions, which are in the narration style of the participants in Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, with Husserl’s phenomenological approach, leaving aside our current thoughts about alcohol and substance use and addiction and presenting a functional approach in understanding how this experience appears to the experiencing subject.

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