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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 32; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2021;32(4):283-285
İki Ucu Keskin Bıçak: Nöroleptik Kesilmesiyle GelişenDiskinezi Olgusu
HE Arat-Çelik, B Kök-Kendirlioğlu, B Çetin, S Küçükgöncü
Maltepe Üniversitesi., İstanbul
Nöroleptik ilaçların en az birkaç ay süreyle kullanılmasına bağlı olarak gelişen, istem dışı atetoid ya da koreiform nitelikteki devinimler tardif (geç) diskinezi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Tardif diskinezide dil, yüzün alt kesimi, çene, kol veya bacaklar sıklıkla tutulan bölgelerdir. Remisyon oranlarının düşük olması nedeniyle tardif diskinezide, kişilerin yaşam kalitelerinin olumsuz yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Bunun yanında nöroleptiklerin kesilmesi, değiştirilmesi veya dozlarının azaltılması sonrasında da istemsiz hareketler ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu durum “nöroleptik çekilmesiyle gelişen diskinezi” (NÇGD) olarak tanımlanmıştır. NÇGD’de belirtiler özellikle boyun, gövde ve ekstremitelere lokalize olup, tardif diskineziden farklı olarak kısa sürede gerilemektedir. NÇGD’nin tedavisi konusunda henüz görüş birliği sağlanabilmiş değildir. Tedavide kesilen antipsikotik ilacın yavaş titrasyonla yeniden başlanmasıya da dopamin D2 reseptörlerine afinitesi düşük olan atipik antipsikotiklerden birine geçilmesi öncelikli seçenekler arasındadır. NÇGD’nin tardif diskinezi gelişiminin yordayıcılarından biri olması nedeniyle, erken saptanıp tedavi edilmesinin kişilerin yaşam kalitelerini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu yazıda, bipolar bozukluk tip 1 tanısıyla takip edilirken, yan etki gelişmesi nedeniyle kullanmakta olduğu haloperidolün kesilmesi sonrası NÇGD gelişen bir olgu ve bu duruma yönelik uygulanan klozapin tedavisi konu edinilmiştir. Klinisyenlerin ilaç kesilmesi ya da değişimi seçeneklerini düşünürken bu tür komplikasyonları da göz önünde bulundurmaları gerekmektedir. Tedavi konusunda görüş birliği sağlanabilmesi için klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Double-Edged Sword: A Case with Withdrawal-EmergentDyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia is defined as involuntary athetoid or choreiform movements that develop due to the use of neuroleptic drugs for at least a few months. Tongue, lower face, jaw, upper and lower extremities are the most affected parts of the body in tardive dyskinesia. Quality of life is negatively affected because of the low remission rates. Besides tardive dyskinesia, involuntary movements may appear after discontinuation, change or a reduction in the dose of antipsychotic medications, which is called withdrawal-emergent dyskinesia (WED). Unlike tardive dyskinesia, the involuntary movements involve mainly the neck, trunk, and limbs and regress in shorter period of time in WED. A consensus has not yet been reached for the treatment of WED. Restarting the previous antipsychotic agent with slow titration or switching to an atypical antipsychotic with low affinity for dopamine D2 receptors are among the primary options for treatment. As WED is one of the predictors of tardive dyskinesia development, early detection and treatment is believed to have positive effect on the quality of life. In this report, the case of a patient followed up for bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and started on clozapine for WED after discontinuation of haloperidol on account of adverse effects is discussed. It is necessary for clinicians to consider these types of complications when discontinuing or changing treatment. Further research is needed in order to reach a common approach for the treatment of WED.

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