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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2021;24(4):523-536
Ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinde ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik inanç ve sosyal mesafeyi etkileyen faktörler
H Arslantaş, F Abacıgil, R Yüksel, F Adana, E Sarı, D Yeşilfidan, S Gürsoy Turan
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın
GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada ortaöğretim öğretmenlerinde ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik inanç ve sosyal mesafeyi etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalışma kesitsel tipte olup, Aydın ilindeki liselerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aydın İl merkezindeki liseler, okul türlerine göre tabakalanmış, her okuldan seçilecek öğretmen sayısı G-Power istatistik programı ile belirlenerek örneklem sayısı 331 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veriler anket formu, Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnanç Ölçeği ve Sosyal Mesafe Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. BULGULAR: Öğretmenlerin %24.3’ü yakın çevresinde ruhsal hastalığa sahip birinin olduğunu belirtmiş;%9.4’ü daha önce psikiyatrik destek almıştır. Öğretmenlerin %65.7’si kalıtsal yatkınlığın, %83.9’u stresli yaşam olaylarının, %44.4’ü kişilerarası ilişkilerin,%72.9’u aile içi şiddetin,%58.9’u aile içi çatışmaların,%55.3’ü kişilik zayıflığının, %68.4’ü travmatik yaşam olaylarının, %14.6’sı enfeksiyon hastalıklarının, %23.4’ü dini inançların, %11.7’si doğa üstü güçlerin ruhsal hastalıklara neden olduğunu belirtmiştir. Araştırmada yakın çevresinde ruhsal hastalığa sahip olanların sosyal mesafe puanının sahip olmayanlara göre (t=-.901;p=0.004) daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik İnanç Ölçeği puanı ile Sosyal Mesafe Ölçeği puanı arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki(r=0.502;p=0.000)saptanmıştır. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu veriler doğrultusunda ruhsal problemi olan bir yakına sahip olmak ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik bakış açısını olumlu olarak etkilemekte, ruhsal hastalığa yönelik inançlar olumsuzlaştıkça hastalara yönelik sosyal mesafede artmaktadır. Ruhsal hastalıkları olan bireylerin damgalanma ve ayrımcılığın olmadığı bir toplumda hayatta kalabilmeleri için akıl hastalıklarına yönelik bilgi ve anlayışı geliştirerek olumlu tutumları geliştirmek önemlidir. Bu bağlamda öğretmenlerin bilgilendirilmesi ve farkındalıklarının artırılması önemlidir.
Factors affecting the belief towards mental illness and social distance in secondary education teachers
INTRODUCTION: This study intends to investigate the factors affecting the belief towards mental illness and social distance in secondary education teachers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in high schools in Aydin, Turkey. High schools in Aydin were divided into separate strata according to school types; and the number of teachers to be selected from each school was determined using the G-Power statistics program and the number of teachers in the study sample was calculated to be 331.Data was collected using the Belief Towards Mental Illness Scale and Social Distance Scale. RESULTS: 24.3 % of the teachers in the study reported that they know somebody with a mental illness in their immediate circles and 9.4% had psychiatric support in the past. According to the teachers' reports,65.7% of the teachers believed that genetic predisposition,73.9% stressful life events,44.4% interpersonal relationships,72.9% domestic violence, 58.9% domestic conflicts, 55.3% personal weaknesses,68.4% traumatic life events, 14.6% infectious diseases, 23.4% religious belief and 11.7 % supernatural powers cause mental illnesses. The study found that the teachers who know people with mental illnesses in their immediate circles had lower social distance scores compared to those who do not know (t=-.901;p=0.004). Additionally a moderate level of positive relationship was found between the Belief Towards Mental Illness Scale score and Social Distance Scale score(r=0.502;p=0.000). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Based on this data, having someone with a mental illness in the immediate circle has a positive effect on the person's perspective for mental illnesses and social distance toward patients increases as the belief towards mental illness become more negative. In order to ensure that people with mental illnesses live in a society with no stigmatization and discrimination, it is important to raise awareness and improve knowledge promoting positive attitude towards mental illnesses in the society. Therefore it is important to increase the knowledge and awareness among teachers.

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