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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 22>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;9(22):989-1012
Psikoloji Araştırmalarında Kelime Edinim Yaşı: Kuramlar, Yöntemler ve Uygulama Alanları
K Arıkan, B Tarakçı, Ü Akırmak
Koç Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Edinim yaşı bir kelimenin ilk kez öğrenildiği yaşı ifade eder. Araştırmalar, edinim yaşının, kelime işleme görevlerinde oldukça önemli bir değişken olduğunu göstermektedir. Edinim yaşı etkisi, bilginin beyinde nasıl depolandığından ve erişildiğinden ortaya çıkar ve zihinle ilgili teorik ve pratik araştırma sorularına cevap aramak için kullanılır. Örneğin, klinik psikoloji alanındaki araştırmalar beyin hasarı veya nörolojik bozuklukları olan katılımcılarda (örneğin, Alzheimer hastalığı, afazi, anlamsal demans ve disleksi) bu bozuklukları olmayan katılımcılara göre edinim yaşı etkisinin farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Sinirbilim alanındaki çalışmalar ise erken ve geç edinilen kelimelerin farklı beyin aktivasyonları ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Uluslararası alanyazınında oldukça uzun ve zengin bir tarihe sahip olmasına rağmen Türkçe alanyazınında edinim yaşına ilişkin çok az ampirik çalışmanın olduğu görülmektedir. Bu derlemede, edinim yaşı üzerine temel bulgular ve kuramlar incelenmiş, edinim yaşı normlarının öznel ve nesnel prosedürleri ile temel bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Alandaki teorik ve metodolojik problemlerin incelenmesinin ardından edinim yaşının klinik psikoloji, sinirbilim ve ikinci dil edinimini kapsayan uygulama alanları tartışılmış ve gelecek araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Age of Acquisition in Psychological Research: Theories, Methods and Application Areas
Age of acquisition refers to the age at which a specific word is learned for the first time. Research shows that age of acquisition is a significant variable in lexical processing tasks. The age of acquisition effect emerges from how information is stored and accessed in the brain and is used to seek answers to theoretical and practical research questions about the mind. For example, studies in the clinical psychology field show that the age of acquisition effect differs in participants with brain damage or neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, aphasia, semantic dementia, and dyslexia) compared to participants without these disorders. Research in neuroscience shows that early and late acquired words are associated with different brain activations. Although it has a long and rich history in international literature, there are very few empirical studies on the age of acquisition effect in Turkish literature. In this review, basic findings and theories are discussed, and the subjective and objective procedures of collecting age of acquisition norms are presented comparatively. After examining the theoretical and methodological issues in the field, the application areas of the age of acquisition, including clinical psychology, neuroscience, and second language acquisition, are discussed, and suggestions for future studies are presented.

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