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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 28; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2021;28(3):182-190
Bebek Ruh Sağlığı Ünitesinde Takip Edilen Hastaların DC: 0-5Tanıları ve Psikososyal Zorluklarının Değerlendirilmesi
MÇ Uytun, AMG Yüksel, E Yürümez, DB Öztop
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bebek ruh sağlığı ünitesinde değerlendirilen bebek ve küçük çocukların, Bebeklik ve Erken Çocukluk Dönemindeki Ruh Sağlığı ve Gelişimsel Bozuklukların Tanısal Sınıflandırılması (DC: 0-5) çerçevesinde, tanıları ile yaşadıkları psikososyal zorlukların ve bu faktörlerin ebeveyn-bebek etkileşimine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Ankara Üniversitesi Bebek Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Polikliniği’nde Haziran 2019-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında değerlendirilmiş 0-5 yaş arası 137 bebek ve küçük çocuk alınmıştır. Olguların ruhsal değerlendirmelerini içeren klinik dosyaları, gelişim testleri, DC: 0-5’de yer alan psikososyal zorlukların yer aldığı sosyodemografik bebek değerlendirme formları, Crowell gözlemi sonrası puanlanan global anne-bebek ilişkisi değerlendirme ölçeği (PIR-GAS) puanları ve DC: 0-5'e dayalı klinik görüşme ile psikiyatrik bozukluk varlığı ve konulan tanıları geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Değerlendirilen 137 hastadan 111’inde (%81,0) psikiyatrik patoloji saptanmıştır. Elli üç (%38,6) hastada eş zamanlı iki psikiyatrik hastalık varlığı, 6 hastada (%4,4) ise 3 tanı birden saptanmıştır. Tüm tanılar göz önüne alındığında, değerlendirdiğimiz hastalarda en sık rastlanan tanının, genel gelişimsel gecikme olduğu (%47,4) bulunmuştur. En sık saptanan psikososyal zorluklar ise, bebek veya küçük çocuğun hastane yatışı (%32,8), ebeveynler veya bakım verenler arasındaki fiziksel olmayan kavga veya çatışma (%28,6), bebek veya küçük çocuğun tıbbi hastalığı (%27,7) olmuştur. PIR-GAS puanı ile toplam psikososyal zorluk sayısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmazken, psikososyal zorluklar kategorilere ayrıldığında eğitim ya da çocuk bakımıyla ilgili psikososyal zorlukların sayısı ile PIR-GAS puanının negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,03). Sonuç: Çalışma bulgularının, alanda çalışan uzmanlar ve ebeveynler için, psikososyal zorluklara yönelik yeterli desteği sağlayacak müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi yönünde faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Infant, psychology, psychiatry, diagnosis, psychosocial factors
Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate both the diagnosis and psychosocial stressors of infants and young children who were assessed in the infant mental health unit according to Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders (DC: 0-5) and the effects of those on parent-infant interaction. Materials and Methods: Children aged 0-5 years who were referred to Infant Mental Health Unit of our department, between June 1st, 2019 and June 1st, 2020, were included. Clinical data including psychiatric evaluations and diagnoses, developmental tests, sociodemographic forms investigating psychosocial difficulties existed in DC: 0-5, parent-infant relationship-global assessment scale (PIR-GAS) scores according to Crowell observation procedure, and psychiatric disorders and diagnoses through clinical interview based on DC: 0-5 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among 137 patients evaluated, 111 (81,0%) had psychiatric diagnoses. Fifty three (38.6%) patients were diagnosed with two comorbid psychiatric disorders and 6 patients (4.4%) were diagnosed with 3 comorbid disorders. Global developmental delay (47.4%) was the most common diagnosis among the patients. The most common psychosocial difficulties were hospitalization of the infant or young child (32.8%), non-physical quarrel or conflict between parents or caregivers (28.6%), and medical disease of the infant or young child (27.7%). While there was no significant relationship between PIR-GAS scores and the total number of psychosocial difficulties, the number of psychosocial difficulties related to education or child care was found to be negatively correlated with PIR-GAS scores after categorizing the difficulties reported (p=0.03). Conclusion: It is thought that the findings of the study may be useful for healthcare professionals and parents to develop interventions that will provide adequate support required for psychosocial stressors.

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