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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 36; Sayı: 87>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2021;36(87):84-105
Sosyal Kaygı Belirtilerini Azaltmaya Yönelik Birleştirilmiş Bilişsel Yanlılık Değişimleme Çalışması: Deneysel Bir Araştırma
V Koç, S Işıklı
İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bilgi işlemenin farklı aşamaları için geliştirilmiş olan bilişsel yanlılık değişimleme uygulamalarının birleştirilmiş olarak incelendiği çalışmaların kısıtlı sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Psikolojik rahatsızlıkların tek bir bilgi işleme aşamasındaki yanlılıktan kaynaklanmıyor olabileceğinden hareketle mevcut çalışmada sosyal kaygı belirtileri olan üniversite öğrencilerinde birleştirilmiş dikkat ve yorumlama yanlılığı değişimleme çalışmasının sosyal kaygı ile ilişkili şikâyetlerin azalmasına neden olup olamayacağı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma sosyal kaygı belirtileri olan 84 üniversite öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar bilişsel yanlılık değişimleme grubu (D) ile dikkat-plasebo kontrol grubu (DP) olmak üzere seçkisiz olarak iki gruba ayrılmışlardır. D grubundaki katılımcılar haftada iki gün olmak üzere sekiz seanslık bilgisayar başında gerçekleştirilen bir dikkat ve yorumlama yanlılığı değişimleme çalışmasına katılmıştır. DP grubundaki katılımcılar da D grubundaki uygulamalara benzer, ancak bir bilişsel yanlılık değişimlemenin olmadığı çalışmaya katılmışlardır. Katılımcıların sosyal kaygı, kaygı, depresyon ve işlevsel olmayan düşünce düzeyleri çalışmanın başında, çalışmanın sonunda ve son uygulamadan iki ay sonra olmak üzere üç kez, ayrıca katılımcıların dikkat ve yorumlama yanlılığı düzeyleri, çalışmanın başında ve çalışmanın sonunda olmak üzere iki kez değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmanın değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkilere de bakılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde çalışmanın birincil ölçümü olan sosyal kaygı belirti düzeyi, D grubunda DP grubuna kıyasla son test ölçümünde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde azalma göstermiş, ancak bu etki takip ölçümlerinde korunmamıştır. D grubu yorumlama yanlılığı da son test ölçümünde DP grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde azalma göstermiştir. Diğer klinik belirti ölçümlerinde gruplar arasında bir farklılaşma gözlenmemiştir. Ayrıca, yanlılık ölçümleri ile diğer değişkenler arasında herhangi bir ilişki görülmemiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen temel bulgu, birleştirilmiş yanlılık değişimleme çalışmasının sosyal kaygı belirtileri üzerinde kısmi bir etkisinin olduğu, ancak bu etkinin kalıcı sonuçlar vermediği şeklinde değerlendirilmiş ve bilişsel yanlılık değişimleme uygulamalarının etkililiğinin artırılması için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Combined Cognitive Bias Modification for Social Anxiety Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
It is seen that the number of studies examining cognitive bias modifications for various stages of information processing in a combined form is limited. Since psychological disorders may not be the result of bias in a single information processing stage this study examines whether combined attentional and interpretational bias modifications with university students displaying social anxiety symptoms may lead to a decrease in social anxiety-related complaints. Eighty-four participants were randomly assigned into two groups: cognitive bias modification (Group E) and attention-placebo control (Group C). Participants in Group E were subjected to cognitive bias modification twice a week, eight sessions in total. Participants in Group C were subjected to a similar process but without any cognitive bias modification. Sixty-five participants completed the study. Participants’ levels of social anxiety, anxiety, depression, and dysfunctional thinking were evaluated three times; pretest, posttest, and two months after the last session. Participants’ cognitive bias levels were evaluated twice; pretest and posttest. The relationship between variables was also evaluated. The statistical analysis results reveal that social anxiety levels, the primary outcome of this study, significantly decreased in Group E compared to Group C; however, this effect was not preserved in the follow-up measurements. In addition, the interpretational bias of Group E also decreased significantly in the posttest measurement compared with Group C. No differentiation was observed between groups regarding the measurement of secondary variables. Furthermore, no relationship was identified between the bias measurements and other variables. The main finding of the study was that combined bias modification has a partial effect on social anxiety symptoms, but this effect is not permanent and there is a need for further research to increase the effectivity of cognitive bias modifications.

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