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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 32; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2021;32(2):87-99
Klozapine Bağlı Sık Görülen Yan Etkiler ve Metabolik Sendrom: Klinik Değişkenlerle ve Yetiyitimiyle İlişkisi
G Gürcan, Ş Hun Şenol, A E Anıl Yağcıoğlu,S Karahan, A Ertuğrul
Yozgat Akdağmadeni Devlet Hastanesi, Yozgat
Amaç: Klozapine bağlı sık görülen yan etkiler tedavi sürecini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada klozapin kullanan şizofreni hastalarında sık görülen yan etkilerin değerlendirilmesi, metabolik sendrom yaygınlığının saptanması, klinik değişkenlerle ilişkisinin ve yetiyitimine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya DSM-IV’e göre şizofreni tanısı konulan, klozapin kullanmakta olan 122 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastadan ve hastane dosyasından alınan bilgiler doğrultusunda klinik bilgiler değerlendirilmiş, bedensel ölçümler ve laboratuvar değerleri kaydedilmiştir. Hastalara DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme Formu, UKU (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser) Yan Etki Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü-Yetiyitimi Değerlendirme Çizelgesi II, Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği, Global Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Klinik Global İzlenim Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Sık bildirilen yakınmalar salya artışı, yorgunluk, sedasyon, kabızlık olarak saptanmış, kabızlık ile klozapin dozu, baş dönmesi ile norklozapin düzeyi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Metabolik sendrom yaygınlığı %50 bulunmuş, metabolik sendrom olanların yaş ortalamasının daha yüksek, yaşam boyu sigara kullanımı miktarının daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Yetiyitimi şiddetinin psikopatoloji şiddeti ve yan etki sayısıyla pozitif, hastalık başlangıç yaşıyla negatif korelasyon gösterdiği, yetiyitimi şiddetini yan etki sayısı ve psikopatoloji şiddetinin yordadığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Klozapinin geniş bir yan etki profili bulunmakta, hastaların yarısında metabolik sendrom görülmektedir. Klozapine bağlı sık görülen yan etkilerin ele alınması, yetiyitiminin azaltılması açısından önemlidir.
Common Side Effects and Metabolic Syndrome due to Clozapine: Relationship with the Clinical Variables and Disability
Objective: Common side effects of clozapine may affect the treatment process negatively. In this study, we aimed to assess the common side effects and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine, and to study their relationship with clinical variables and disability. Method: One hundred and twenty two patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, and were on clozapine treatment were included in the study. Clinical status was evaluated through a clinical interview and review of the medical records, and physical measures and laboratory tests were recorded. Patients were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, UKU (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser) Side Effect Rating Scale, World Health Organization (WHO)-Disability Assessment Schedule II, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Global Assessment Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale. Results: Common side effects of clozapine were hypersalivation, fatigue, sedation and constipation. The relationship between constipation and clozapine dose, and dizziness and norclozapine plasma levels were significant. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 50%, and patients with metabolic syndrome had higher means of age and lifetime cigarette consumption. Disability was positively correlated with the severity of psychopathology and the number of side effects, and negatively correlated with the age at onset of illness. Severity of the psychopathology and the number of side effects predicted the severity of the disability. Conclusion: Clozapine was associated with various side effects and half of the patients had metabolic syndrome. Assessment of common side effects due to clozapine is important for reducing disability.

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