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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 58; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2021;58(3):221-227
Fetal Anomali Nedeniyle Gebeliğin Terminasyonu Sonrasında Perinatal Yas ve İlişkili Faktörler: Bir Yıllık İzlem Çalışması
O Güçlü, G Şenormancı, A Tüten, K Gök, Ö Şenormancı
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Giriş: Birçok kişi yas sürecini genellikle altı ay içinde ruhsal olarak denge durumuna geri dönerek dayanıklı bir şekilde deneyimler. Yaşanan kayıpların en zorlayıcısı genellikle çocuğun ölümü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Böyle bir kayıp durumunda, yas süreci, ilişkili belirti ve bulgularla birlikte sıkıntıyla geçen yıllar boyunca sürebilir. Yas sürecinde çeşitli evreler tanımlanmıştır ve bu süreç farklı düzeylerde psikolojik etkileri olan çeşitli zorlukları kapsamaktadır. Perinatal kayıp yaşayan kadınlar uzun süreli yas dönemleri yaşayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı fetal anomali nedeniyle gebeliğin terminasyonu sonrasında kadınlardaki yas belirtilerini izlemekti. Yöntem: Çalışmaya İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi kadın doğum kliniğine başvuran ve fetal anomali nedeniyle gebeliğinin sonlandırılmasına karar veren 46 kadın dahil edilmiştir. Terminasyondan 6 hafta sonra katılımcılara Perinatal Yas Ölçeği (PYÖ), Olay Etkisi Ölçeği (OEÖ) ve Beck Anksiyete Enventeri (BAE), Edinburgh Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği (EdDep), Çokboyutlu İlişki Ölçeği (ÇBİÖ) ve Erişkin Bağlanma Biçimi Ölçeği (EBBÖ) uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların yas belirtileri PYÖ ile altıncı ve 12. aylarda tekrar değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Yas belirtilerinin şiddeti ile hastaların sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri arasında ilişki yoktu. Perinatal yas belirtileri, terminasyondan sonra aşamalı olarak altı aya kadar azalabilir ve altı aydan bir yıla kadar sürebilir. Katılımcıların PYÖ ve BAE, OEÖ aşırı uyarılma alt ölçek puanları arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu bulundu. PYÖ puan ortalamalarının altıncı haftadan altıncı aya ve altıncı haftadan on ikinci aya anlamlı derecede değiştiği bulundu. OEÖ aşırı uyarılma ve ÇBİÖ ilişki doyumu puanlarının, birinci yıldaki PYÖ toplam puanlarının yordayıcısı olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Fetal anomali tanısı ve özellikle de gebeliğin terminasyonu travmatik ve yıkıcı olabilir. Perinatal kayıp yaşayan kadınlarda yas belirtileri ilk altı aydan sonra kalıcı hale gelebilir. Kadınların bu deneyimi nasıl çözümlediklerini incelemek yararlı olabilir. Özellikle terminasyon sonrasındaki anksiyete ve aşırı uyarılmışlık belirtileri göz ardı edilmemelidir. Perinatal yas, kendine özgü bir yas deneyimidir; şiddetli perinatal yası saptamak ve tedavi etmek için özgül müdahaleler yapılmalıdır.
Perinatal Grief and Related Factors After Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Anomaly: One-Year Follow-up Study
Introduction: Many people grieve in a resilient manner, often having a sense of equilibrium restored within six months. The most devastating type of loss is usually considered to be the death of the child. For such a loss, bereavement may take a period of distressing years with signs and symptoms that are related to grief. There have been different phases identified in the grieving process, and this process encompasses various difficulties with different levels of psychological effects. Women with perinatal losses can suffer long periods of grief. The purpose of this study was to monitor the grief in women who had undergone a termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly. Methods: Forty-six women who applied to the Gynaecology Clinic of Istanbul University Cerrahpas¸a Faculty of Medicine and who decided to terminate their pregnancy due to fetal anomaly were included in the study. The Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Multidimensional Relationship Questionnaire (MRQ) and the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) were administered to the participants six weeks after termination. Participants’ grief signs were re- evaluated with the PGS at the sixth and 12th months. Results: There was no relationship between severity of grief symptoms and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. The perinatal grief symptoms can decrease gradually from termination of pregnancy to six months and can persist for a period of six months up to a year. There was positive correlation between the scores of PGS and BAI, IES-R hyper-arousal. The mean score of PGS changed significantly from sixth week to sixth month and from sixth week to 12th months. IES-R hyper-arousal and MRQ relational satisfaction were found to be the predictors for PGS total score at the first year. Conclusion: The diagnosis of fetal anomaly and especially the termination of pregnancy itself may be traumatic and disruptive. In women with perinatal loss, grief may become persistent after the first six months. It would be helpful to examine how the women resolve this experience. Especially the anxiety and the hyper-arousal signs following the termination should not be ignored. Perinatal grief is a unique bereavement experience; specific interventions should be performed for detecting and treating severe perinatal grief.

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