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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 58; Sayı: Suppl 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2021;58(Suppl 1):31-40
İkiuçlu Depresyonun Akut ve İdame Tedavisi
E Erten
Altınbaş Üniversitesi, İstanbul
İki uçlu bozukluk (İUB) için, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) yaşam boyu yaygınlığı İUB-I, IUB-II ve İUB eşik altı tipleri için %2,4 olarak bildirmektedir. İUB tanılı birçok hasta için depresif dönemler manik dönemlere oranla daha yaygındır. Çalışmalar tedavi altında olsalar bile depresif duygudurumun yaşamın 2/3’ünde sürdüğünü göstermektedir. İlk hastalık döneminin depresyon olması, İUB tanısını koymayı zorlaştırabilmektedir. Doğru tanı ve tedavinin 6–8 yıl gecikebildiği, ergenlik döneminde başlayan hastalıkta daha uzun sürebildiği bildirilmektedir. Başlangıçta tek uçlu olarak tanı alan hastaların izlemde %40’nın İUB olarak tanı aldığı bildirilmektedir. İUB depresif dönem tanısını destekleyen ve tek uçlu depresyondan ayırt etmemizi sağlayan özellikler: 1) ailede İUB veya psikoz öyküsü olması 2) özellikle depresif dönemle olan erken hastalık başlangıcı 3) siklotimik mizaç özellikleri 4) 10 yıllık sürede 4 ya da daha fazla depresif dönem 5) özellikle ajitasyon, öfke, uykusuzluk, sinirlilik çok konuşma ya da diğer “karma” veya hipomanik özellikler ya da psikotik belirtilerle giden depresyon 6) antidepresan tedavi sonrasında karma belirtilerin ortaya çıkmasının getirdiği klinik “kötüleşme” 7) intihar düşünceleri ve girişimleri 8) madde kötüye kullanımı 9) depresif dönemde hipersomni ya da gün içinde fazla uyuma, aşırı yeme ve psikomotor ajitasyonun eşlik etmesi olarak sıralanabilir. İUB depresif dönem tedavisiyle ilgili olarak yapılan çalışma sayısı sınırlı olup, bilgiler çoğunlukla çalışmalar içerisinden bu gruba ait verilerin derlenmesiyle ya da tek uçlu depresyon tedavisinden elde edilen verilerle oluşturulmuştur. Yazıda tedavi algoritmalarına göre İUB’de depresif dönemlerin akut ve idame tedavilerinden bahsedilecektir.
Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Depression
The World Health Organization reported a lifetime prevalence of 2.4% for BD-I, BD-II and sub-threshold types of bipolar disorder (BD). Depressive episodes are more common than manic episodes for many BD patients. Studies show that depressive mood persists in 2/3 of life, even if they are under treatment. It may be difficult to diagnose BD in the event of depression in the first episode. The correct diagnosis and the treatment can be delayed for 6–8 years, and even longer if disorder starts in adolescence. It is reported that 40% of the patients who were initially diagnosed as unipolar were later diagnosed as BD. The features that enable us to diagnose BD depressive episode: 1) family history of BD or psychosis 2) early onset with depression 3) cyclothymic temperament characteristics 4) four or more depressive episodes in 10 years 5) agitation, anger, insomnia, irritability, excessive talkativeness or other ‘mixed’ or hypomanic features or psychotic symptoms during depressive episode, 6) clinical ‘worsening’ caused by the appearance of mixed symptoms after AD treatment 7) suicidal thoughts and attempts 8) substance abuse 9) hypersomnia in the depressive episode or sleeping too much during the day, overeating, psychomotor agitation. The number of studies conducted on BD depressive treatment is limited, the information was obtained by excluding this group from the studies or by compiling the information obtained from the treatment of unipolar depression. In this review, acute and maintenance treatment of the depressive episodes of BD will be discussed according to the treatment algorithms.

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