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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar; 2021;13(4):805-819
Prenatal Bağlanmayı Destekleyici Bakım Uygulamaları
G Teskereci, A Ünal, N Özbek, B Koçak
Kumluca Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Antalya
Anne-bebek bağlanması, gebelik döneminden başlayıp, doğum ve doğum sonu dönemde devam eden bir süreçtir. Kadın sağlığı alanında çalışan hemşire ve ebelerin prenatal bağlanmanın desteklenmesinde önemli rol ve sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme ile literatür ışığında prenatal bağlanmayı değerlendiren ölçüm araçlarının, etkileyen faktörlerin ve destekleyici kanıta dayalı uygulamaların sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi sonucunda; gebelerde anne-bebek bağlanmasını değerlendiren ve Türkçe geçerlik-güvenirliği yapılmış olan “Maternal-Fetal Bağlanma Ölçeği”, “Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri”, “Anne Doğum Öncesi Bağlanma Ölçeği” ve “Prenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği”ne ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda prenatal bağlanmayı etkileyen pek çok bireysel ve çevresel faktörün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ulaşılabilen deneysel çalışmalarda prenatal bağlanmayı; fetal hareket sayımı, leopold manevrası uygulaması, gebe eğitimi ve danışmanlık, baba eğitimi, doğuma hazırlık eğitimi, gevşeme egzersizi ve rehberli imgeleme, bilişsel davranışçı terapiler, yoga ve meditasyon uygulamalarının desteklediği, müzik dinletmenin ise etkilemediği gösterilmiştir. Hemşirelerin düşük prenatal bağlanma riski olan gebelere ucuz ve non-invaziv olan bu uygulamalar hakkında eğitim ve danışmanlık vermesi, gebenin kendisi için seçeceği en uygun yöntemi kullanması için desteklemesi önerilmektedir. Ayrıca ülkemizde prenatal bağlanmada kanıta dayalı uygulamaların etkinliğini test eden çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu, daha fazla randomize kontrollü çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu saptanmıştır.
Care Practices Supporting Prenatal Attachment
Mother-baby attachment is a process that starts from the pregnancy period and continues in the birth and postpartum period. Nurses working in the field of women’s health and midwives have important roles and responsibilities in supporting prenatal attachment. In this review, it is aimed to present the measurement tools, influencing factors and supporting evidence-based applications that evaluate prenatal attachment in the light of literature. As a result of the literature review; “Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale”, “Prenatal Attachment Inventory”, “Maternal Prenatal Attachment Scale” and “Prenatal Attachment Scale”, which evaluated mother-infant attachment in pregnant women and whose validity and reliability were made in Turkish, were reached. In these studies, it was revealed that many individual and environmental factors of the pregnant woman affected prenatal attachment. In experimental studies available, it was shown that fetal movement count, leopold maneuver practice, pregnancy training and counseling, father training, birth preparation training, relaxation exercise and guided imagery, cognitive behavioral therapies, yoga and meditation practices support prenatal attachment, while listening to music does not affect it. Nurses are recommended to provide training and counseling to pregnant women with low prenatal attachment risk on these cheap and non-invasive practices, and to support the pregnant woman to use the most appropriate method for her. In addition, it was found that studies testing the effectiveness of evidence-based practices in prenatal attachment are limited in our country and more randomized controlled studies are needed.

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