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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi; 2021;12(2):85-92
Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruhsal hastalık kavramına ilişkin metaforları: Kalitatif bir çalışma
Y Çekiç, R Yüksel
Batman Üniversitesi, Batman
GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araştırmanın amacı, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin “Ruhsal Hastalık” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya koymaktır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araştırma, temel nitel araştırma deseniyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2017–2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü’nde öğrenim gören 496 hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda düzenlenen "Metaforik Algılar Veri Toplama Formu" kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanabilmesi için her öğrenciye “Ruhsal hastalık …………………’ya benziyor, çünkü …………………” cümlesi yöneltilmiş ve boşlukların doldurulması istenmiştir. Verilerin analizi; (1) metaforların belirlenmesi (2) metaforların sınıflandırılması (3) kategori geliştirme (4) geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik sağlama ve (5) nicel veri analizi için verileri SPSS paket programına aktarma olmak üzere beş aşamada gerçekleşmiştir. BULGULAR: Öğrenciler ruhsal hastalık kavramına ilişkin toplam 353 adet geçerli metafor üretmişlerdir. Elde edilen bulgularda öğrencilerin ruhsal hastalık kavramına ilişkin algılarını ortaya koyan metaforlar ortak özellikleri bakımından incelenerek 7 kavramsal kategori altında toplanmıştır. Bu kategoriler; çaresizlik olarak ruhsal hastalık, kontrolsüzlük olarak ruhsal hastalık, bakım, ilgi ve destek ihtiyacı olarak ruhsal hastalık, belirsizlik olarak ruhsal hastalık, zarar veren unsur olarak ruhsal hastalık, etkiye karşı tepki olarak ruhsal hastalık, çaba gerektiren unsur olarak ruhsal hastalık olarak belirlenmiştir. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Sonuçta öğrencilerin ruhsal hastalığa ilişkin metaforlarının daha çok olumsuz yönde olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, öğrencilerin zihinsel imgelerini olumluya dönüştürecek etkili bir mesleki eğitimin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Hemşirelik eğitimi süresince ilgili ders saatlerinin artırılması ve uygulamaya yönelik etkinliklerin düzenlenmesi önerilebilir.
Metaphors of nursing students on the perception of mental illness: A qualitative study
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine the metaphors nursing students use for the concept of "Mental Illness" to identify their perceptions on this subject. METHODS: The research was carried using a phenomenological design, a qualitative research technique. The study group of the research included a total of 496 nursing students studying at Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department in the 2017-2018 academic year. A form titled, "Metaphorical Perceptions Data Collection Form", which was prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, was used for data collection. On this form, every participating student was asked to fill in the gaps in the following sentence: "Mental illness is like..................... because..................... ". Analysis of data consisted of 5 steps: S1) identification of metaphors, (2) classification of metaphors, (3) category development, (4) validation and reliability and (5) data transfer to SPSS package program for quantitative data analysis. RESULTS: The students produced a total of 353 valid metaphors for the concept of mental illness. The metaphors obtained were examined in terms of their common characteristics and collected under seven conceptual categories, namely, mental illness as “desperation”, “an uncontrollable condition”, “a need for care, attention, and support”, “uncertainty”, “a damaging element”, “an impact-response”, and “an element requiring effort”. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the students' mental illness-related metaphors were largely negative. In the light of these results, it can be recommended that vocational education focuses on transforming the negative perceptions students have on mental illness into more positive images. To achieve this, it is suggested that the number of course hours on this subject be increased and that practical activities related to this subject be organized.

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